Purpose: This study examined the variations in the adoption of the National Framework for Municipal Indigent Policies in different municipal categories across South Africa. The goal was to contribute towards the strengthening of the adoption of the National framework for municipal indigent across municipalities to ensure improved access to free basic services at the municipal level. Design/methodology/approach: This study used a qualitative research approach and descriptive multiple case study design. Using a representative sample of 21 participants, data was collected through structured interviews and analysed using deductive thematic analysis. Findings: The study revealed significant variations in how the NFMIP is adopted and implemented in different municipal categories. These variations aligned to the following aspects: revenue management, indigent targeting options, indigent service levels, the financial framework, the indigent validity period, and qualification criteria. Originality/value: This study’s originality lies within its comprehensive approach to revising municipal indigent policies. The value of this study is underscored by creating an alternative framework reinforced by creating a more inclusive and equitable social welfare system directly benefiting indigent communities.