This study was conducted to comprehensively explore personal assistants for people with disabilities experiences and the current status of client behavioral issues during vocational activities, aiming to seek strategies for advancing worker health protection. The study included 8 participants (Personal assistants for people with disabilities) selected through voluntary convenience sampling method. Qualitative research methods, specifically in-depth interviews, were conducted from August 31 to September 1, 2023. The study categorized client behavioral issues into ‘unreasonable demands,’ ‘verbal and physical abuse,’ and ‘sexual harassment,’ causing stress among workers. Fear of unemployment and job change hindered emotional expression, leading to significant emotional exhaustion and job stress. Furthermore, it was revealed that there are no management policies, management departments, or management systems within the institution to address client problem behavior. To address these issues, the study suggests the establishment of emotional labor management systems and support structures. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for systematic internal systems and the development of health protection manuals for client interaction.

Companies are impacted by toxic leadership phenomena, resulting in many dissatisfied employees, low morale, and reduced progress. The fundamental mismatch between good leadership and harmful actions of toxic leaders is the primary cause of the problem. Toxic leadership can also be developed from narcissistic behavior of considering personal interests or using humiliation to maintain power. In this context, employees are negatively affected, resulting in higher stress levels, poorer job satisfaction, and a significant decrease in trust. Therefore, this research aims to explore the impact of toxic leadership and other factors on companies. The sample consists of 187 senior employees in the accounting department who worked in manufacturing companies. The results showed that toxic leadership influences role stress, while role stress affects emotional exhaustion and reactive work behavior. Moreover, future research should be conducted using other samples such as hospital employees or pay attention to other aspects related to role stress.