High-quality implementation of cross-border mergers and acquisitions (cross-border M&As) is an important pathway for emerging-market multinational enterprises (EMNEs) to enhance their international competitiveness. However, in comparison to developed countries, cross-border M&As by EMNEs are often prohibited by the liability of origin caused by negative political coverage. How and why negative political coverage affect the completion of cross-border M&As by EMNEs? What are the contextual constraints that moderate the impact of negative political coverage on cross-border M&As completion? Based on the “liability of origin” theory, this paper addresses these questions using data from the Zephyr database on cross-border M&As by EMNEs in the United States from 2016 to June 2021 and employing a logit model for estimation. The research findings are as follows: (1) Negative political coverage leads to negative perceptions of emerging market countries by host country stakeholders, creating the liability of origin and stigmatizing the corporate nationality, thereby reducing the success rate of cross-border M&As by EMNEs. (2) Increasing geographical distance leads to information asymmetry, reinforcing the negative impact of negative political coverage on the completion of cross-border M&As by EMNEs. (3) Relevant mergers and acquisitions exacerbate the negative effect of negative political coverage on the success rate of cross-border M&As by EMNEs. (4) Being a publicly traded firm and having successful experience in cross-border M&As both intensify the negative impact of negative political coverage on the success rate of cross-border M&As by EMNEs.

As International Atomic Energy Agency has stated in its Handbook on Nuclear Law, “Even in situations for which the highest standard of safety has been achieved, the occurrence of nuclear accidents cannot be completely excluded.” Therefore, the international legal framework for nuclear damage compensation liability has been evolving since the establishment of Nuclear Energy Agency of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD NEA) and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Over the years, various international treaties have been enacted to address the compensation of nuclear damage and to establish liability regimes for nuclear incidents. To date, these treaties have established a series of legal principles of nuclear damage liability, such as the sole liability principle, the strict liability principle, the financial guarantee principle etc., which have been developing since establishment. This paper offers an overview of the historical development of the principles of these international treaties for nuclear damage liability and thus draws upon both primary and secondary sources, including treaties, official documents, academic literature, and reports by international organizations. Including the legislation study methodology, comparative methodology is also adopted in this paper to analyze the changes and trend of these principles. The paper reveals that the Paris Convention, which was established in 1960, was the first attempt to establish a comprehensive legal regime for nuclear damage liability. Most of the principles of this Convention have been inherited by subsequent international treaties and domestic legislations. With the awareness of protecting public’s rights having been significantly strengthened, the range of compensation has been broader, the matters of immunity from liability for operators of nuclear power plants have been reduced, the limitation of the compensation amount has been higher etc. In conclusion, the international legal regime for nuclear damage liability has been showing a shift from protecting the development of the nuclear industry to a joint protection of both public health and rights and the nuclear industry, which should be paid attention to and deeply learnt by domestic legislators of all states for the establishment and perfection of their domestic legislation in this field.

This study addressed the procedural aspects of the claim for civil liability for nuclear damage in accordance with the newly promulgated Law on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage No. 4 of 2012 of the United Arab Emirates and the Vienna Convention. The study was divided into two main investigators; the first main investigator examined the parties to the claim for nuclear damage, which, in turn, was split into two main sections: the first section examined the claimant, and the second section examined the defendant. The second main investigator of this paper examined civil liability for nuclear damage, which, in turn, was split into two main sections: the first of which addressed the jurisdiction in the claim for liability for nuclear damage, and the second of which dealt with the time to initiate proceeding. The study based its conclusions on several findings and recommendations, the most important of which was to propose amendments to the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act in line with the general rules of civil liability and the Vienna Convention.

Preserving roads involves regularly evaluating government policy through advanced assessments using vehicles with specialized capabilities and high-resolution scanning technology. However, the cost is often not affordable due to a limited budget. Road surface surveys are highly expected to use low-cost tools and methods capable of being carried out comprehensively. This research aims to create a road damage detection application system by identifying and qualifying precisely the type of damage that occurs using a single CNN to detect objects in real time. Especially for the type of pothole, further analysis is to measure the volume or dimensions of the hole with a LiDAR smartphone. The study area is 38 province’s representative area in Indonesia. This research resulted in the iRodd (intelligent-road damage detection) for detection and classification per type of road damage in real-time object detection. Especially for the type of pothole damage, further analysis is carried out to obtain a damage volume calculation model and 3D visualization. The resulting iRodd model contributes in terms of completion (analyzing the parameters needed to be related to the road damage detection process), accuracy (precision), reliability (the level of reliability has high precision and is still within the limits of cost-effective), correct prediction (four-fifths of all positive objects that should be identified), efficient (object detection models strike a good balance between being able to recognize objects with high precision and being able to capture most objects that would otherwise be detected-high sensitivity), meanwhile, in the calculation of pothole volume, where the precision level is established according to the volume error value, comparing the derived data to the reference data with an average error of 5.35% with an RMSE value of 6.47 mm. The advanced iRodd model with LiDAR smartphone devices can present visualization and precision in efficiently calculating the volume of asphalt damage (potholes).

The study aims to explain the relationship between the effectiveness of a business and its management through the analysis of working capital. The findings prove the complementary relationship. The analysis of working capital will always have a significant impact on the effectiveness of business management. The main objective of any corporation is to be effective in business, which can be achieved by analyzing the working capital. The result shows that analysis of working capital based on factors like operational efficiency, the company’s earnings and profitability, cash management, corporate receivable management, and corporate inventory management creates room for improvement and effectiveness in business management. Firms might enhance finances for business expansion by lowering their working capital requirements. It has also been revealed that there is a considerable difference in industries across time. It was observed that there is a high association between working capital efficiency and firm profitability. A highly efficient corporation is less vulnerable to liquidity risk and is also self-sufficient in terms of external finance. Numerous studies have been done to regulate the true rapport between working capital investments and their impact on financial presentation. It demonstrates that effective investment in working capital management may boost profitability and business value. The relationship between accounting and finance was explained by measuring working capital management in demand to illustrate the status of profitability. It was suggested that accountants take a more professional approach to updating their accounting and finance skills in their organization through effective working capital management.