Resources and the environment are the material basis for human survival and development. In the context of building an ecological civilization, the evaluation of the carrying capacity of resources and the environment has become an important basic task in the preparation of the new round of territorial spatial planning. This paper selects the typical ecologically fragile area of Duolun County, Inner Mongolia, as the study area, and utilizes literature, spatial data, socio-economic statistics, and land use secondary classification data to construct a resource and environmental carrying capacity evaluation index system that includes three subsystems: resources, environment, and socio-economy, and analyzes the resource and environmental carrying capacity of Duolun County, Inner Mongolia, in the period from 2005 to 2020, at the temporal and spatial scales for the 65 administrative villages in the Duolun County, Inner Mongolia, and the area of the county.