With the rapid development of digital economy, digital economy cooperation between China and ASEAN is becoming more and more important. However, in the process of cooperation between China and ASEAN, there are also problems such as the large gap in the level of digital economy development among countries, the external challenges brought about by the great power competition, the South China Sea dispute and other problems. This paper aims to analyze the challenges faced by China and ASEAN in the development of digital Belt and Road cooperation through literature analysis and comparative methods, and tries to put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions to help make the bilateral cooperation of digital economy better so that the fruits of digital economy will benefit more people.