In the process of vocal music teaching, the level of a singer's aesthetic ability often determines their long-term development. Therefore, in the process of conducting vocal music teaching, it is necessary to pay more attention to the cultivation of students' musical aesthetic ability, improve students' understanding and mastery of music art from the ideological level, and achieve better teaching effects. This article will conduct research on the importance of cultivating aesthetic ability in vocal music teaching, and explore strategies from aspects such as absorbing life content and introducing musical instruments into teaching models. It is hoped to provide some help for related teaching work.