From the global perspective, the international science and technology competition is becoming increasingly fierce. In order to meet the needs of the current social development, the after-school service of science and technology has developed in depth, but the potential problems have gradually emerged. The difference between the quality of after-school service of science and technology in primary schools and the deviation between the effect and expectation of after-school service of science and technology have increasingly become a problem that cannot be ignored in the after-school service of science and technology. This paper conducts a literature review on the quality assessment and effect tracking of after-school service courses in primary schools, and finally reviews the existing studies.