Oct 23, 2026
Multifunctional characterization of pure and Ni-substituted ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles: Correlation of structural, Raman, morphological, and optical properties
Spinel zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) nanoparticles have been of high interest owing to their multifunctionality and wide variety of technological and biomedical uses. ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles in the current experiment were obtained through the solution combustion technique, which is a simple, quick, and energy-saving method. Zinc and iron metal nitrates were dissolved, and distilled water was used; urea was the fuel used in the combustion process. A solution-combustion reaction occurred upon heating, and an as-burnt powder was formed, which was porous. This was then subjected to calcination to get phase-pure ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles. The structural features were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, whereby it was found that the material formed a single-phase cubic spinel structure, which was of good crystalline nature. The average crystallite sizes were calculated as 34.9 nm for pure ZnFe2O4 and 15.08 nm for the doped sample, indicating a nanocrystalline nature. UV-Visible spectroscopy confirmed the semiconducting nature of the synthesized samples, with direct optical band gap values increasing from 2.14 eV for pure ZnFe2O4 to 2.25 eV for the Ni-doped ZnFe₂O₄ sample. The synthesized ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles are promising materials to be used in Structural, morphological, and optical applications due to the combined structural stability along with a tunable optical band gap.