Every year, hundreds of fires occur in the forests and rangelands across the world and damage thousands hectare of trees, shrubs, and plants which cause environmental and economic damages. This study aims to establish a real time forest fire alert system for better forest management and monitoring in Golestan Province. In this study, in order to prepare fire hazard maps, the required layers were produced based on fire data in Golestan forests and MODIS sensor data. At first, the natural fire data was divided into two categories of training and test samples randomly. Then, the vegetation moisture stresses and greenness were considered using six indexes of NDVI, MSI, WDVI, OSAVI, GVMI and NDWI in natural fire area of training category on the day before fire occurrence and a long period of 15 years, and the risk threshold of the parameters was considered in addition to selecting the best spectral index of vegetation. Finally, the model output was validated for fire occurrences of the test category. The results showed the possibility of prediction of fire site before occurrence of fire with more than 80 percent accuracy.

Digital labor, as a new theoretical form of "audience commodity theory" in the digital media era, represents a new form of production and labor. This paper explores the unique features of digital labor in labor form, labor products and labor time, and combining Marx's theory, it further reveals the alienation and exploitation of human social relations, emotional value and social class in the process of digital labor, and finally makes suggestions on the unequal relationship between platform and workers in the process of digital labor.

The consensus is that price stability promotes sustainable economic growth while excessive inflation harms growth. This study assesses the linkage between inflation and economic growth in South Africa to determine the optimal inflation rate threshold for the sustainable growth of the economy. Quarterly data from 1995 to 2022 was analysed through the ARDL and threshold regressions. The ARDL and threshold regressions estimate established a relationship between inflation and economic growth and computed the optimal inflation rate threshold for economic growth at 6 percent. The results also established that both the repo rate (repurchase rate) and real effective exchange rate have a negative relationship with economic growth. The Toda-Yamamoto causality test result indicated a unidirectional causality runs from inflation to economic growth. These results are crucial for the South African Reserve Bank to discharge its monetary policy functions to attain and maintain price stability. Therefore, this study offers the Bank a roadmap for targeting an inflation rate that aligns with the nation’s long-term objectives for sustainable economic growth.

The MENA region, known for its significant oil and gas production, has been widely acknowledged for its reliance on fossil fuels. The dependence on fossil fuels has led to significant environmental pollution. Therefore, the shift towards a more environmentally friendly and enduring future is crucial. Thus, the current study tries to investigate the effect of green technology innovations on green growth in MENA region. Specifically, we examine whether the effect of green technology innovations on green growth depend on the threshold level of income. To this end, a panel threshold model is estimated for a sample of 10 MENA countries over the period 1998–2022. Our main findings show that only countries with income level beyond the threshold can benefit significantly from green technology innovations in term of green growth. Nevertheless, our findings indicate a substantial and adverse impact of green technology innovation on countries where income levels fall below the specified threshold.

Poverty is a key challenge to socioeconomic development globally. However, the degree to which distance from a market contributes to poverty remains unclear. To provide insights into this relationship, we quantified the relationships between distance from markets and the per capita income of rural and urban people in China based on data from 29 provinces and 2651 counties. Our results illustrate the existence of a “geographical curse”; that is, a large separation between producers and consumers can exacerbate poverty for less-affluent rural residents, who pay a larger proportion of their income to send their products to market and to purchase goods from those markets. Programs to alleviate poverty should therefore consider seeking solutions associated with reducing the impact of that distance, such as subsidizing the transport of goods, improving the transportation infrastructure, supporting innovative business practices, and balancing the locations of producers and their markets.