Smallholder cocoa producers often experience low productivity levels, partly due to their weak collaborative advantage (CA). CA enables businesses to optimize outcomes through effective collaboration within value chains. This paper aims at examining the effect of CA pillars (trust building, resource investment, and decision synchronization) on the productivity. This paper uses primary data of 406 samples from smallholder cocoa producers in Indonesia. The data is analyzed by using CDM (Crepon Duguet Mairesse) model that divides the CA process into three stages: effort, output, and productivity. In the first stage, our model shows that having motivation to collaborate positively affects collaborative effort expenditure to develop a CA. In the second stage, the study finds that the three pillars of CA have to some degree contributes to achieving a better access to finance, superior cocoa seeds, and cocoa processing technology for smallholder cocoa producers. In the third stage, acquiring the outputs of CA leads to productivity improvement. The findings underscore the significance of intangible factors in shaping robust Collaborative Advantage (CA) and influencing productivity. This enriches CA theory, which has traditionally focused primarily on tangible factors.

In the dynamic landscape of modern education, it is essential to understand and recognize the psychological habits that underpin students’ learning processes. These habits play a crucial role in shaping students’ learning outcomes, motivation, and overall educational experiences. This paper shifts the focus towards a more nuanced exploration of these psychological habits in learning, particularly among secondary school students. We propose an innovative assessment model that integrates multimodal data analysis with the quality function deployment theory and the subjective-objective assignment method. This model employs the G-1-entropy value method for an objective evaluation of students’ psychological learning habits. The G-1-entropy method stands out for its comprehensive, objective, and practical approach, offering valuable insights into students’ learning behaviors. By applying this method to assess the psychological aspects of learning, this study contributes to educational research and informs educational reforms. It provides a robust framework for understanding students’ learning habits, thereby aiding in the development of targeted educational strategies. The findings of this study offer strategic directions for educational management, teacher training, and curriculum development. This research not only advances theoretical knowledge in the field of educational psychology but also has practical implications for enhancing the quality of education. It serves as a scientific foundation for educators, administrators, and policymakers in shaping effective educational practices.

the development of digital technologies and their popularity in e-commerce is undeniable. However, consumers need to have a certain level of digital skills. The main aim of the paper was to examine and evaluate the development of consumers’ digital skills in the European Union and to identify the potential significant impact on online shopping. The EU countries studied experienced an increasing trend in both internet users and online consumers over the period under review, with Romania and Estonia experiencing the most significant year-on-year increases in internet users and online consumers respectively. The trend of consumers with digital skills was volatile and in some EU countries it was decreasing year-on-year. When comparing the share of online consumers and the share of consumers with digital skills, it was not possible to generalize the results as in some countries the values were at comparable levels, but in selected countries the share of consumers with digital skills was higher than the share of online consumers and in other countries the opposite was true. The results showed the existence of a significant impact of the level of digital skills on online shopping and also of the use of the internet for online shopping. The results obtained can provide a basis for online retailers to promote the increase of consumers’ digital skills, which will ultimately lead to the growth of e-commerce.

The problem of the current study is to study the moderating role of Blockchain technology on the impact of the use of financial technology (FinTech) on the competitive advantage of Jordanian banks. Quantitative analysis is appropriate. The study population consists of (600) employees in three banks at Jordan (Arab Bank, Islamic Bank, Ahli Bank) with its branches in various governorates. A questionnaire was developed to collect study data and distributed electronically. The number of participants was (240) respondents. The study confirms that there is an impact of the mediating role of Blockchain technology in the impact of the use of financial technology (FinTech) on competitive advantage. The study recommends increasing spending on financial technology applications to improve banking services provided to customers, especially through electronic applications and technologies. The study also recommends rebuilding current banking systems using Blockchain technology, which will remove the central database structure and replace it with a decentralized data environment via the blockchain, thus reducing the risk of database hacking. Since transactions via blockchain technology are verified by every node of the chain, it will make transactions more secure which will make the world’s banking systems faster and more secure.

This research was conducted with the intention of investigating and analyzing the factors that influence the views that consumers have of advertising on social media platforms. The goal of this study is to look at the many ways that new media ads affect consumers’ purchasing behavior. An evaluation of the validity and reliability of the measures has been carried out with the assistance of confirmatory factor analysis. In addition, the quantitative research approach makes use of both simple random sampling and statistical sampling. The information was gathered via the use of a questionnaire that was issued to fans of new media. Using a Likert scale with five points, the questionnaire’s questions were evaluated to ensure that they were appropriately worded. The total sample size that is employed is 359. The purchase behavior of consumers of new media has been evaluated based on five variables, including the ability to attract attention, provide amusement, establish legitimacy, emphasize creative character qualities, and evoke emotional appeal. The objective of this study paper is to investigate the impact that advertisements broadcast via new media have on consumers’ decision-making processes regarding the acquisition of goods and services. The research’s findings show that when consumers are weighing their options for purchase, advertisements having the largest impact on their purchasing decisions in new media. With the goal of offering important insights into the new media advertising industry, the author seeks to link these results with pertinent ideas from the theoretical framework.

The root of the problem in this research is the fact that scientific writing with a national reputation is still low and the publication of scientific writing with a national reputation is also low, thus affecting the quality of lecturers at the University. To overcome this problem, this research developed a training management model that can improve the scientific writing skills of lecturers and familiarize lecturers to actively conduct nationally reputable scientific writing. The training management model in question is called the “National Reputable Scientific Writing Training Management” model. This type of research is development research or R&D to produce a valid, practical, and effective model, as well as all devices and research instruments related to the application of the model at the University. The results showed that: (1) the National Reputable Scientific Writing Training Management model is suitable for improving the scientific writing ability of lecturers; (2) the output of the National Reputable Scientific Writing Training Management model in the model group is significantly higher than the initial group (pre-model); (3) The average value of IP/IO from experts is 4.4 with a high category, from observers at stage I test is 4.0 with a high category, at stage II test is 4.7 with a high category and stage III test is 4.77 with a high category, so it is concluded that the National Reputable Scientific Writing Training Management model meets the criteria of effectiveness, practicality and implementation; (4) The response of university managers and respondents to the implementation of the model is quite satisfactory, both regarding the concept of the model, the application in technical implementation and their perception of the National Reputable Scientific Writing Training Management model; and (5) the National Reputable Scientific Writing Training Management model can be developed as an alternative implementation in training management at the university.