Objective: As the scale and importance of official development assistance (ODA) continue to grow, the need to enhance the effectiveness of ODA policies has become more critical than ever before. In this context, it is essential to systematically classify recipient countries and establish tailored ODA policies based on these classifications. The objective of this study is to identify an appropriate methodology for categorizing developing countries using specific criteria, and to apply it to actual data, providing valuable insights for donor countries in formulating future ODA policies. Design/Methodology/Approach: The data used in this study are the basic statistics on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) published annually in the SDGs Report. The analytical method employed is decision tree analysis. Results: The results indicate that the 167 countries analyzed were classified into 10 distinct nodes. The study further limited the scope to the five nodes representing the most disadvantaged developing countries and suggested future directions for aid policies for each of these nodes.

The purpose of this study is to analyze how the entrepreneurial mindset, social context, and entrepreneurial ambitions of university students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) have progressed over time in terms of starting their businesses. The research aims to investigate the evolution of the entrepreneurship mindset, considering the implementation of educational and governmental policies over the past decade to promote entrepreneurship among UAE university graduates. To collect primary data and evaluate the impact of the studied variables on the dependent variable “entrepreneurial ambitions,” a self-created questionnaire was used. The results reveal a positive correlation between personal context variables and entrepreneurial ambitions, as well as between personality traits and entrepreneurial ambitions. Furthermore, the study demonstrates the constructive effect of education, government policies, and capital availability on fostering entrepreneurial ambitions in the UAE.

This paper, with its focus on national legislative regulations that have come into force and governments developed policies designed to clear away numerous problems regarding women’s employment has a threefold contribution to the existing literature. First, it summarizes the salient features of the new legislation and administrative measures adopted by the government of Turkyie, with special reference to Bursa Yıldırım Municipality. Second, we draw attention to the increasing recognition of the valuable potential of females in the workplace. Over recent decades and the implications for the central administration but also the private sector, local administration and voluntary agencies. Third, policy syndromes about livelihoods, and hardship alleviation policies, are examined and policy implications are discussed. This paper does not aim to provide definitive answers, yet intends to scrutinize the data and re-examine the trends in the light of key drivers such as economics, demographics, and urbanization. This was done mainly by reviewing the literature government reports and statistical data but was augmented by our fieldwork. There is an attempt to reach a conclusion about recent developments and make suggestions about countermeasures that could be implemented.

The use of public transport is one of the concepts of sustainable transport. However, people prefer to use private vehicles, which causes various problems, one of which is the high carbon emissions produced. This research aims to encourage programs to use passenger public transportation through a carbon tax. The method in this research is descriptive quantitative with primary data and secondary data. Secondary data was developed in the research by collecting literature study sources on the concept of sustainable transportation development as well as primary data carried out by analyzing calculations regarding the implementation of the carbon tax. There are several proposals that can significantly accelerate the achievement of goals, namely a collaborative approach through collaboration between local government agencies, a policy of progressively implementing a carbon tax as a coercive policy and supported by a program to provide supporting facilities for public transportation. Decision making in this research was carried out by looking at the percentage increase in public transportation use based on the application of a carbon tax or carbon tax.

Since 2013, the state has introduced a number of policies to strictly control the number and scale of public hospitals and to control the rapid expansion of public hospitals. After the introduction of this series of policies, the number of public hospitals in China did not continue to grow, but the number of beds in public hospitals continued to grow. This paper uses difference-in-difference (DID) method to analyze the number of public hospitals with the corresponding data of the development of private hospitals after the introduction of the policy, and the results proves that the introduction of relevant policies has an impact on the number of public hospitals, but has a limited impact on the expansion of the scale of public hospitals. At the end of the article, positive policy suggestions are given to the development of hospitals in China, such as controlling the expansion of public hospitals, strictly controlling the number of beds in public hospitals, and vigorously developing private hospitals. Promoting the development of private hospitals is an important economic supplement to China's health care.