Acute abdomen is a frequent clinical picture in emergency diagnostics. Pathologic changes of the female genital organs play an important role. Gynecologic emergencies threaten fertility and are potentially life-threatening. Many differential diagnoses must be considered in the diagnostic process, depending on the age of the patient and any pregnancy. In particular, acute gastrointestinal symptoms often cannot be differentiated from gynecologic emergencies on clinical examination. Here, imaging makes a significant contribution to narrowing the differential diagnosis, making treatment decisions, and monitoring therapy. This review article will discuss the central role of imaging in the context of common gynecologic emergencies.

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is considered a bicondylar diarthrosis type joint. Imaging evaluation is a fundamental part of its assessment, which should include both bony and soft tissue characteristics and the relationship between them. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represents the gold standard for the study of soft tissues; however, up to now, its main application continues to be the visualization of the articular disc. For this reason, the present article aimed to point out the information available in the literature regarding the visualization of the joint capsule in MRI and to evaluate it as an independent structure.

Gout is an arthritis characterized by the deposition of sodium monoacid crystals in the synovial membrane, articular cartilage, and periarticular tissues that leads to an inflamatory process. In most cases, the diagnosis is established by clinical criteria and analysis of the synovial fluid for MSU crystals. However, gout may manifest in atypical ways and make diagnosis difficult. In these situations, imaging studies play a fundamental role in helping to confirm the diagnosis or even exclude other differential diagnoses. Conventional radiography is still the most commonly used method in the follow-up of these patients, but it is a very insensitive test, because it only detects late changes. In recent years, advances in imaging methods have emerged in relation to gout. Ultrasound has proven to be a highly accurate test in the diagnosis of gout, identifying MSU deposits in articular cartilage and periarticular tissues, and detecting and characterizing tophi, tendinopathies, and tophi enthesopathies. Computed tomography is an excellent exam for the detection of bone erosions and evaluation of spinal involvement. Dual-energy computed tomography, a new method that provides information on the chemical composition of tissues, allows identification of MSU deposits with high accuracy. MRI can be useful in the evaluation of deep tissues not accessible by ultrasound. In addition to diagnosis, with the emergence of drugs that aim to reduce the tophaceous burden, imaging examinations become a useful tool in the follow-up treatment of gout patients.

Introduction: Given the heterogeneous nature and inherent complexity of forensic medical expertise, the expert (medical professional or related areas) must make the best use of the technical and technological tools at his disposal. Imaging, referring to the set of techniques that allow obtaining images of the human body for clinical or scientific purposes, in any of its techniques, is a powerful support tool for establishing facts or technical evidence in the legal field. Objective: To analyze the use of magnetic resonance and computed tomography in postmortem diagnosis. Methodology: information was searched in the databases PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Journal and in the search engine Google Scholar, using the terms “X-Ray Computed Tomography”, “Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy”, “Autopsy” and “Forensic Medicine” published in the period 2008–2015. Results: MRI is useful for the detailed study of soft tissues and organs, while computed tomography allows the identification of fractures, calcifications, implants and trauma. Conclusions: In the reports found in the literature search, regarding the use of nuclear magnetic resonance and computed tomography in postmortem cases, named by the genesis of the trauma, correlation was found between the use of imaging and the correct expert diagnosis at autopsy.

Imaging technology plays a key role in guiding endovascular treatment of aortic aneurysm, especially in the complex thoracoabdominal aorta. The combination of high quality images with a sterile and functional environment in the surgical suite can reduce contrast and radiation exposure for both patient and operator, in addition to better outcomes. This presentation aims to describe the current use of this technique, combining angiotomography and intraoperative cone beam computed tomography, image “fusion” and intravascular ultrasound, to guide procedures and thus improve the intraoperative success rate and reduce the need for reoperation. On the other hand, a procedure is described to create customized 3D templates with the high-definition images of the patient’s arterial anatomy, which serve as specific guides for making fenestrated stents in the operating room. These customized fenestration templates could expand the number of patients with complex aneurysms treated minimally invasively.

Based on the characteristics of liquid lens sparse aperture imaging, a radiative multiplet array structure is proposed; a simplified model of sparse aperture imaging is given, and the analytical expression of the modulation transfer function is derived from the optical pupil function of the multiplet array structure; the specific distribution form of this multiplet array structure is given, and the structure parameters are approximated by the dimensionless method; the two types of radiative multiplet array structures are discussed, and the filling factor, redundancy, modulation transfer function and other characteristic parameters are calculated. The physical phenomena exhibited by the parametric scan are discussed, and the structural features and imaging characteristics of these two arrays are compared. The results show that the type-II structure with larger actual equivalent aperture and actual cutoff frequency and lower redundancy is selected when the average modulation transfer function and the IF characteristics of the modulation transfer function of the two structures are close to each other; the type-II structure has certain advantages in imaging; the conclusion is suitable for arbitrary enclosing circle size because the liquid lens-based multiplet array structure adopts dimensionless approximation parameters; compared with the composite toroidal structure, the radiative multiplet mirror structure has a larger actual cut-off frequency and actual equivalent aperture when the filling factor is the same.