This paper explores the path to solving India’s economic problems from a Social Keynesian Economics perspective, analyzing the history, current status and prospects of India’s economic development. India should formulate targeted social policies according to the stage of economic development and needs. Improve the institutional mechanism to stimulate the internal dynamics and innovative vitality of the main business entities. India can improve its economic structure and enhance the balance and sustainability of economic growth by accelerating the implementation of the “Make in India” program, strengthening infrastructure construction, supporting agricultural and rural development, and implementing education and health care reforms. Developing consumer credit and increasing consumer demand were also effective means of enhancing economic growth, but further transformation and innovation in the manufacturing sector needed to be promoted.

Environmental, social and governance (ESG) goes beyond its function as a business to maximize profits for the shareholders to work for societal purposes. Meanwhile, the green credit policy in China is still in its infancy, and the impact of green loans on the efficiency of commercial banks is significantly different. In this context, this paper details the company’s performance in crucial aspects such as low-carbon operations, eco-friendly financial innovation, a sustainable economic system, data security and the development of organizational capabilities to provide a sustainable development paradigm for supply chain finance technology peers. Based on ESG portfolio, we found that adding ESG holdings to a company affects its compliance with delivery or environmental rules, and anode and cathode of ESG combined Dual Carbon (DC) are presented in terms of emission levels. Our further research indicates the implementation of Green Credit Guideline has a positive impact on ESG performance of both green and polluting firms in comparison with others. The result was fully supported by different methods and models including PSM-DID (Propensity Score Matching-Differences-in-Differences), QDID (Quantiles Differences-in-Differences), and Kernel approaches, which can provide more implications and references for policy makers. Investors, politicians, and other essential stakeholders perceive ESG as a strategy to protect enterprises from future risks.

This study explores the relationship between GDP growth, unemployment rate, and labor force participation rate in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries from 1990 to 2018. Furthermore, the study incorporates control factors such as government spending, trade openness, and energy use into the regression equation. We used panel dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) estimators to investigate the relationships between variables in this investigation. The econometric technique accounts for nonstationary, endogeneity bias and cross-sectional dependencies between country-year observations. Cointegration was found among GDP growth, unemployment rate, and labor force participation. Long-term, the unemployment rate has a statistically significant negative effect on economic growth in the GCC nations. Meanwhile, the labor force participation rate significantly influences economic expansion in the long term. The expansion of government expenditures and international trade reduces economic growth. Alternatively, it is discovered that energy consumption has a substantial and positive effect on economic expansion. Okun’s rule and the unidirectional causality from economic growth to unemployment indicate that the primary cause of unemployment in GCC nations is a failure to adequately expand their economies. When developing economic strategies to reduce unemployment, policymakers are particularly interested in determining whether or not economic development and the unemployment rate are cointegrated.

This article is a study of the institutional governance of farmers in Bukit Batu District, Bengkalis Regency using the concept of Society 5.0 and the governance paradigm for analysis in peat area studies. This study aims to determine the form of institutional governance of smallholder agriculture in peat areas and determine the truth of the influence of community economic management and development indicators on Society 5.0, which results from empirical studies in the field. This study uses the mixed methods method, which combines quantitative and qualitative data analysis to measure the truth of information. The results of the study illustrate that the question study first finds existing forms of institutional governance walk, however still passive; this is caused by constraints of knowledge management plant horticulture in the region peat, utilization process nutrients, and management techniques group sustainable farming in aspect regulation government and empowerment company around through CSR; on the question, it has been furthermore found that management variables and community economic development have a positive influence on Society 5.0. This study uses quantitative analysis and calculation results from the SPSS analysis test to support this conclusion. From this study, it formulated recommendation from the synergy between economic development and management of peat areas to socio-economic and environmental impacts that must be considered by interested stakeholders, as well as maximizing function technology in making it easy to manage horticulture plants in peat areas as a form of Society 5.0 to minimize behind.

This article emphasizes the importance of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) and large companies in driving economic growth. SMEs are labour-intensive and agile, creating more jobs, while large companies are capital-intensive and rely on technology, having more resources for research and development. In the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region, SMEs contribute significantly to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and job opportunities, while large companies dominate specific sectors. The research employs a multidisciplinary approach using an extensive literature review to summarize the current literature, highlight the economic impact of SMEs and large companies in GCC, and highlight the importance of large companies in developing local citizens. Policy-makers must consider these differences to integrate these dynamic changes for effective support policies. This study examines the economic impact of SMEs and large companies in the GCC region, providing recommendations to support large businesses. It addresses challenges and opportunities related to employment, household earnings, economic output, and value addition. Promoting the economic impact of SMEs and large companies can lead to sustainable economic growth and development in the GCC region. Also, this article pointed out the importance of large companies and their economic impact in the GCC region; policy recommendations will help the governing bodies in decision-making towards promoting sustainable economic growth.

This article examines the factors influencing sustainable entrepreneurship (SE) in Arab countries, focusing on economic, social, and technological dimensions. Using data from various sources and structural equation modeling, the study explores the relationships between these factors and SE sustainability. The findings reveal that economic factors, such as GDP per capita and foreign direct investment (FDI), positively influence SE sustainability, emphasizing the need for a conducive economic environment. Social factors, measured by Internet usage and the Human Development Index (HDI), also significantly impact SE sustainability, highlighting the importance of access to information and education. However, technological factors like patent applications and high-tech exports did not show a significant positive relationship with SE sustainability, suggesting a minimal direct impact on SE longevity in Arab countries. These insights have implications for policymakers, stressing the importance of fostering economic growth and enhancing social infrastructure to support sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystems. Despite its robust methodology, the study has limitations, such as incomplete data for certain countries, affecting the generalizability of the findings. Future research could explore additional factors influencing SE sustainability, further investigate the role of technology, and expand the geographical scope to include more Arab countries.