During the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals and their families faced various risk factors, which in some cases resulted in divorce. Adolescents in such families had to grapple with COVID-19 across the world, the risk factors faced by adolescents have largely been under-risk factors associated with COVID-19 and divorce. Despite the rise of divorce during studied, especially among adolescents in South Africa. This study aimed to explore the risk factors experienced by adolescents from divorced households during the COVID-19 pandemic and make recommendations for policy and development. This study employed a phenomenological research design in alignment with qualitative research. Purposive sampling was used to recruit five female adolescents in Johannesburg. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews and focus groups. Data was analyzed thematically using Braun and Clarke’s six steps of data analysis. The findings revealed that conflict at home, mental illness, physical and social isolation, a lack of paternal support, and diminished educational performance emerged as risk factors faced by the participants. These findings underscore the need for psychological interventions to help address the risk factors faced by adolescents whose parents divorced during the pandemic and those who face similar circumstances during future crises.

Communication is considered to be significant to universities: provide students updated information to make appropriate choices and decisions during their learning process; and promptly feedback to contribute to building a better educational and training environment; improve institutional governance efficiency. Communication tools used in universities are diverse in forms and contents. This study focuses on two popular forms, which are policy communication (communication of policies and laws on higher education) and internal communication (communication about professional activities and community activities of the university). The theoretical framework has been developed and a survey was conducted to collect opinions of 450 students from many universities representing 3 regions of Vietnam, including: Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU) (Northern region); The University of Danang (UD) (Central region); Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM) (Southern region). The results show that the policy communications of these universities are not effectively implemented. The findings suggest innovations for managers to improve communication effectiveness and governance efficiency in these higher education institutions.

Introduction: Chatbots are increasingly utilized in education, offering real-time, personalized communication. While research has explored technical aspects of chatbots, user experience remains under-investigated. This study examines a model for evaluating user experience and satisfaction with chatbots in higher education. Methodology: A four-factor model (information quality, system quality, chatbot experience, user satisfaction) was proposed based on prior research. An alternative two-factor model emerged through exploratory factor analysis, focusing on “Chatbot Response Quality” and “User Experience and Satisfaction with the Chatbot.” Surveys were distributed to students and faculty at a university in Ecuador to collect data. Confirmatory factor analysis validated both models. Results: The two-factor model explained a significantly greater proportion of the data’s variance (55.2%) compared to the four-factor model (46.4%). Conclusion: This study suggests that a simpler model focusing on chatbot response quality and user experience is more effective for evaluating chatbots in education. Future research can explore methods to optimize these factors and improve the learning experience for students.

Eco-friendly digital marketing strategies are crucial for Jordanian companies that want to meet environmental standards. This covers eco-friendly pricing, goods, and online cooperation. In contrast, customer concern and action are not connected, requiring true green marketing tactics. Jordan’s “Go Green” programme and the EU-EBRD’s Green Financing Facility show that sustainability boosts digital marketing. Eco-friendly branding goes beyond sustainable goods and strategic collaborations to support green causes. Consumer awareness is rising globally, especially in Asia-Pacific. Eco-friendly methods are being used to improve sustainability, employee wellbeing, and operational effectiveness. Email, social media, content, influencers, and SEO are effective digital marketing methods that increase customer involvement and reduce environmental impact. The environmental efforts of Patagonia, IKEA, Tesla, and Google are notable in Jordan. Jordanian economic modernization relies on sectoral strategies that integrate sustainability and diversity. The government is making headway in green projects, notably in energy, to meet Agenda 2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals. Environmentally responsible firms use content development, social media, and influencer marketing to create real stories and engage communities. Content marketing requires understanding the target audience, creating instructional resources, and effective distribution. Influencer marketing boosts brand awareness and engagement. Jordan suffers from resource limitations and the need for ongoing education, yet urbanisation and cultural growth are promising. Investments and government projects in green initiatives are enabling this change. Jordanians are increasingly buying eco-friendly items, which affects brand loyalty. Eco-friendly branding boosts customer views and brand awareness in Jordan, emphasising the significance of environmental responsibility in business.

BiVO₄ was hydrothermally synthesized under different preparing conditions and characterized by XRD, SEM, Raman spectrum and BET specific surface area. The influence of different pH value and annealing temperature and hydrothermal time on the morphologies and structures of the BiVO₄ samples was investigated systematically. It can be found that annealing would eliminate the effects caused by the pH of precursor, heating temperature and heating time, but preparing conditions still influenced the size and specific surface area of samples. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activities of the fabricated BiVO₄ were also evaluated by the degradation of methyl blue in aqueous solution under UV and visible light irradiation.