This study investigates how financial cognitive abilities influence individual investors’ intentions to engage in the stock market, particularly considering the mediating role of financial capability. It seeks to address the gaps in understanding the factors that drive investors’ participation in emerging markets like Pakistan, highlighting the importance of financial knowledge, financial planning, and financial satisfaction and financial capability. Data were collected from 377 individual investors through a self-administered questionnaire using a cross-sectional design and non-probability convenience sampling approach. Results reveal that financial knowledge affects investors’ intentions both directly and indirectly, with financial capability serving as a partial mediator. Financial planning influences intentions indirectly through complete mediation, while financial satisfaction affects intentions in both direct and indirect ways, with partial mediation. The study provides valuable insights for the researchers, individual investors, governmental officials, policymakers, and stock market regulators in context of emerging economies like Pakistan, highlighting key determinants of stock market participation.

Improving educational outcomes in subjects such as English and mathematics remains a significant challenge for educators and policymakers. Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM), which aligns human resource practices with organizational goals, has proven effective in business sectors but is less explored in educational contexts, especially from students’ perspectives. Existing studies often focus on teacher development, overlooking direct impacts on student performance. This research addresses the gap by examining how SHRM influences students’ performance in English and mathematics, incorporating student feedback to assess SHRM’s effectiveness. In the quantitative study, 200 students were analyzed to explore the relationship between SHRM practices and academic outcomes. The findings indicate that SHRM significantly affects student performance, with high predictive relevance and explanatory power in both subjects. The results suggest that strategic HR practices, such as professional development, performance management, and resource allocation, are critical to academic success. These insights provide valuable implications for educators and policymakers, highlighting the importance of integrating strategic HR management into educational frameworks to enhance curriculum design and resource distribution. The study demonstrates the broad applicability of SHRM across different academic disciplines, suggesting a need for comprehensive HR strategies that focus on both teacher and student performance. Future research should explore how SHRM influences educational outcomes and identify contextual factors that moderate its impact, enhancing effective HR practices in diverse academic settings.

Companies are impacted by toxic leadership phenomena, resulting in many dissatisfied employees, low morale, and reduced progress. The fundamental mismatch between good leadership and harmful actions of toxic leaders is the primary cause of the problem. Toxic leadership can also be developed from narcissistic behavior of considering personal interests or using humiliation to maintain power. In this context, employees are negatively affected, resulting in higher stress levels, poorer job satisfaction, and a significant decrease in trust. Therefore, this research aims to explore the impact of toxic leadership and other factors on companies. The sample consists of 187 senior employees in the accounting department who worked in manufacturing companies. The results showed that toxic leadership influences role stress, while role stress affects emotional exhaustion and reactive work behavior. Moreover, future research should be conducted using other samples such as hospital employees or pay attention to other aspects related to role stress.

Alfalfa is considered the most used forage crop in the world, its main use is for cattle feeding, due to its high nutritional value, specifically in protein and digestible fiber. Currently, the trend in agriculture is to reduce the application of chemicals and among them are fertilizers that pollute soil and water, so the adoption of new technologies and other not so new is becoming a good habit among farmers. Nanotechnology in the plant system allows the development of new fertilizers to improve agricultural productivity and the release of mineral nutrients in nanoforms, which has a wide variety of benefits, including the timing and direct release of nutrients, as well as synchronizing or specifying the environmental response. Biofertilizers are important components of integrated nutrient management and play a key role in soil productivity and sustainability. While protecting the environment, they are a cost-effective, environmentally friendly and renewable source of plant nutrients to supplement chemical fertilizers in the sustainable agricultural system. Nanotechnology and biofertilization allow in a practical way the reduction in the application of chemicals, contributing to the sustainability of agriculture, so this work aims to review the relevant results on biofertilization, the use of nanotechnology and the evaluation of the nutritional composition of alfalfa when grown with the application of biofertilizers.