Instability is inherent in global capitalism, impacting all countries, particularly those directly reliant on this economic framework. The USA shapes tourism metrics in dependent nations and influences inbound tourism spending. Using logarithmic models and power tests, the study delineated four dynamic fields (Cn) supporting the thesis of the fusion of tourism and temporary residency. This study demonstrates that tourism and migration correlate with political, economic, and social instability, as evidenced by high statistical correlations. Variance increases during instability, leading to more residency petitions per tourist entry. This pattern is repeated during three major crises: the 2008–2009 financial crisis, the 2011–2013 conflicts in the Middle East and Africa, and the 2016–2017 regional political turmoil and Venezuelan migration. Economic classification tests confirm the association between instability, armed conflict, and heightened tourism and residency tendencies. Tourism income rises steadily, and residency averages increase, especially during periods of regional instability. The study highlights the tight link between tourism and migration with political, economic, and social instability. The statistical analysis reveals significant correlations, showing higher residency pressure during unstable periods. The applied tests confirm that countries in turmoil exhibit heightened tourism and migration tendencies.

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of internal university social responsibility policies on the administrative personnel of a Colombian university. Under a non-probabilistic sampling method, the study collected information from 58 collaborators selected from a total of 92 working at the university. The information was collected through a structured questionnaire and evaluated using the generalized linear model. The results indicate that administrators perceive that university social responsibility policies have an adverse effect on the work environment. This is justified by the fact that the university’s actions are not oriented towards the welfare of its personnel. In conclusion, universities should concentrate enormous efforts on implementing strategies that foster the commitment of their collaborators, in order to generate a significant impact on their responsibility and motivation.

Purpose: There have been many studies on corporate social responsibility. Still, research on the dual relationship showing the impact of management control on corporate social responsibility and business performance has not been exciting researchers. The article also identifies and measures the elements of management control that affect compliance with corporate social responsibility and business performance. At the same time, the paper also analyzes the influence of compliance with corporate social responsibility on business performance. From the research results, listed companies will see the importance of designing management control and complying with corporate social responsibility to maximize the business’s profits. Findings: The article demonstrates the practicality of institutional theory in the relationship between management control, corporate social responsibility, and business performance. Institutional theory influences the relationship between management control, CSR, and business performance by highlighting the role of external institutional pressures, legitimacy, and conformity to societal norms. Companies that strategically integrate institutional expectations into their management control systems can enhance their CSR efforts, improve their reputation, and contribute to better business performance. Methodology: We collect data on 195 manufacturing enterprises listed on the Vietnam stock market in 6 sectors. This study’s main data analysis method is the structural equation modeling method (SEM). The article used AMOS software to evaluate and measure the influence of each factor. Practical implications: The article has analyzed five aspects of management control to corporate social responsibility and business performance: Size of the Board of Directors (BOD), percentage of independent members in the BOD, and concurrence. CEO and Chairman of the Board of Directors, state ownership ratio and foreign shareholder ownership rate. The results show that a company with a CEO who is not the Chairman of the BOD will have a higher level of CSR compliance than a company with a CEO who is also the Chairman of the BOD. The larger the Board size, the higher the level of CSR, but This has not been verified for the company’s business performance. The higher the foreign ownership ratio, the better the CSR compliance; however, this has the opposite direction for the state ownership rate. The higher the percentage of independent members on the Board of Directors, the lower the level of CSR compliance. In terms of impact on business performance in the enterprise: The higher the company’s compliance with corporate social responsibility, the better it’s business performance. A company with a CEO who holds the position of BOD will have lower business performance than companies with a CEO who does not hold the position of Chairman of the Board of Directors. Companies with a high percentage of state ownership will have lower business performance. The higher the percentage of independent members on the Board of Directors, the lower the business performance. Originality: This attests that the research paper I submitted is the result of my original and independent work. I have duly acknowledged all sources from which the ideas and quotations have been obtained. The project does not contain any plagiarism and has not been sent elsewhere for publication.

Carbonated soft drinks (CSDs) have long been a mainstay of the beverage business but changing consumer tastes and rising health awareness have necessitated a thorough study of the variables impacting consumer choices. This study intends to explore the complex web of customer preferences, purchasing behaviour, and perceptions related to carbonated soft drinks. This research analyses how numerous variables, including gender, affect these preferences and choices via careful examination. The purpose of thepresent research is to determine the perception of consumer influencing customer choice preferences for the consumption of carbonated soft drinks, influence of gender and the role of advertisement in finalizing the choice. It would be helpful to do further research to better understand how these highlighted variables affect purchasing choices, especially gender-based variances. The important influence of gender on consumer behaviour has been acknowledged. For this study, a structured questionnaire was distributed through online social media to individuals of 12–45 years of age from the period of April–May 2023. For analysis of the data collected, SPSS 22.0 was used. The study has confirmed that consumption of Coca-Cola is higher than any other soft drink in almost the entire country. The factors like youthfulness, tradition, status symbol and level of carbonation have different influences on the buying behavior of male and female consumers.