considering the rate of the currency channel, this study aims to analyze the effect of government foreign debt on labour demand in Indonesia. The Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) is used to quantify the exchange rate, while estimates of the labour force participation rate characterize labour demand. this study expands upon the cobb-Douglass production function by including public debt as an integral element of the statistical model. The current study examines time series data from 1994 to 2022 and uses the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) for estimation. in conclusion, the results suggest that an increase in government external debt would result in a decline in labour demand, especially during economic shock associated with an expansion of the government deficit. Moreover, the Real Effective Exchange Rate has a beneficial long-term impact on labour demand. enhancing the purchasing power and stimulating investment through the appreciation of the domestic currency against foreign currencies will consequently increase economic productivity.

The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between changing weather conditions and tourism demand in Thailand across five selected provinces: Chonburi (Pattaya), Surat Thani, Phuket, Chiang Mai, and Bangkok. The annual data used in this study from 2012 to 2022. The estimation method is threshold regression (TR). The results indicate that weather conditions proxied by the Temperature Humidity Index (THI) significantly affect tourism demand in these five provinces. Specifically, changes in weather conditions, such as an increase in temperature, generally result in a decrease in tourism demand. However, the impact of weather conditions varies according to each province’s unique characteristics or highlights. For example, tourism demand in Bangkok is not significantly affected by weather conditions. In contrast, provinces that rely heavily on maritime tourism, such as Chonburi (Pattaya), Phuket, and Surat Thani, are notably affected by weather conditions. When the THI in each province rises beyond a certain threshold, the demand for tourism in these provinces by foreign tourists decreases significantly. Furthermore, economic factors, particularly tourists’ income, significantly impact tourism demand. An increase in the income of foreign tourists is associated with a decrease in tourism in Pattaya. This trend possibly occurs because higher-income tourists tend to upgrade their travel destinations from Pattaya to more upscale locations such as Phuket or Surat Thani. For Thai tourists, an increase in income leads to a decrease in domestic tourism, as higher incomes enable more frequent international travel, thereby reducing tourism in the five provinces. Additionally, the study found that the availability and convenience of accommodation and food services are critical factors influencing tourism demand in all the provinces studied.

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) and 5G network technology has changed the production and lifestyle of people. AI also has promoted the transformation of talent training mode under the integration of college industry and education. In the context of the current transformation of education, AI and 5G networks are increasingly used in the education industry. This paper optimizes and upgrades the training mode of skilled talents in higher vocational colleges by using its advanced methods and technologies of information display. This means is helpful to analyze and solve a series of objective problems such as the single training form of the current talent training mode. This paper utilizes the principles and laws of industry university research (IUR) collaboration for reference to construct and optimize the talent training mode based on the analysis of the requirements of talent training and the role of each subject in talent training. Then, the ecological talent training environment can be realized. In the analysis of talent training mode under the cooperation of production and education, the correlation coefficients of network construction, environment construction, scientific research funds, scientific research level, and policy support were 0.618, 0.576, 0.493, 0.785, and 0.451, respectively. This showed that the scientific research level had the greatest impact on talent training in the talent training mode of IUR collaboration, while policy support had less impact on talent training compared with other factors. The combination of AI and 5G network technology with the talent training mode of IUR cooperation can effectively analyze the influencing factors and problems of the talent training mode. The hybrid method is of great significance to the talent training strategy and fitting degree.

The key goal of the study is to identify aspects of the implementation of blockchain technologies in human resource management and argue for the moderating role of institutional support. The need to introduce new technologies at both the tactical and strategic levels is substantiated. It is highlighted that the key core of modern organizations is the human resource management system. The role of integration of blockchain technologies in human resource management, which ensures the effective training of qualified personnel at the right time and in the right place, is argued. It has been determined that the introduction of blockchain technologies in human resource management facilitates the organization of cooperation between countries in updating skills and knowledge based on compliance with competency standards and corporate governance rules. A survey of 300 employees of the pharmaceutical industry in Jordan was conducted, which served as the basis for a multivariate analysis to confirm reasonable hypotheses. The results obtained are valuable and can be applied in practice in terms of determining the impact of the implementation of blockchain technology in the human resource management system and on the UTAUT structure, which in turn provides institutional support.

The global economic recession has caused pessimism in terms of prospects of sales recovering in the future. The present study is an attempt to investigate the cost stickiness behavior by focusing on specific characteristics of companies. The research was done through documentary analysis and access to quantitative data, with the use of statistical methods for analysis as panel data. The statistical population of the actual study included all companies listed on the India stock exchange from 2017 to 2021. They were selected after screening 128 listed companies. The regression method was used to examine the relationship between variables and to present a forecast model. The results of testing the first hypothesis showed that companies’ costs are sticky and according to the results of this hypothesis, an increase in costs when the level of activity increases is greater than the level of reduction in costs when the volumes of the activities are decreased. The results of the second hypothesis showed a remarkable relationship between the cost stickiness and specific characteristics of companies (size, number of employees, long-term assets, financial leverage, and accuracy of profits forecast). Based on the third hypothesis, there is a notable difference between cost stickiness at different levels of specific characteristics of companies. Therefore, the results show that environmental uncertainty such as COVID-19, increases cost stickiness.

As a result of China's evolving higher education landscape, private universities have emerged as significant players, fostering democratization and fulfilling key roles. However, these institutions face distinct challenges shaped by legal, societal, and internal factors. In the knowledge-driven economy, employee satisfaction is crucial for success. Understanding pivotal factors and conducting satisfaction surveys are essential for effective management and talent retention. This study focuses on Chengdu's private university educators, analyzing how factors like belongingness, self-actualization, and rewards influence job satisfaction. Through surveys, data analysis, and literature review, this study refines its findings and uncovers underlying causes. The study offers actionable insights for educators and institutions, aimed at enhancing job satisfaction.