Urban planning is critical to managing rapid urban growth, particularly in African regions experiencing high urbanization rates. This study focuses on Bol, Lake Chad Province, a city facing significant challenges due to inadequate planning frameworks compounded by recurrent humanitarian and climate crises. It fills an empirical gap by analyzing how local planning mechanisms respond to these socio-environmental complexities, with a focus on the interplay between institutional structures, legislative frameworks, and resource allocation. The study assesses urban planning practices in Bol to identify challenges and opportunities, with the aim of improving institutional effectiveness, aligning policies with realities, and integrating climate resilience strategies. Using a qualitative methodology, it combines field surveys, stakeholder interviews, and document analysis, using SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) and PESTEL (Political, Economic, Sociocultural, Technological, Environmental, Legal) frameworks for data analysis. The findings reveal that ineffective institutions, poor inter-sectoral coordination, outdated legislative frameworks and resource constraints hamper sustainable urban development in Bol. To address these issues, the study proposes to strengthen local institutional capacities, foster stakeholder collaboration, and modernize urban planning policies through participatory approaches. The study highlights the need to integrate resilience strategies into urban settings to mitigate climate change impacts and improve governance. These measures not only address immediate challenges, but also advance urban planning theory and provide a basis for future research on adaptation strategies in crisis-prone regions. This study offers practical insights for policy makers and contributes to developing more sustainable and resilient urban planning systems in similar contexts.

Formation of the latest scientific and methodological principles and the determination of the most important directions of the paradigm of the analysis of artistic creativity and text have been represented as actual problems of the theory of modern Kazakh literary criticism. The purpose of the work is to consider and analyze the modern concepts of Kazakh literary criticism, to evaluate the contribution of scientists from the period of independence of Kazakhstan in the development of theoretical analysis and interpretation of the artistic originality of national literature. The article discusses new trends in the theory of Kazakh literary criticism, changes in methodology, which are due to the leading positions of world literary criticism. In this regard, the article offers an analytical review of the main scientific and theoretical studies in the field of literary criticism, defines the evolution of the concepts of scientific and theoretical thought, identifies the principles and main aspects of the study of literature in a new way, shows certain achievements in close relationship with historical stages, as well as tasks future research; literary-theoretical and philosophical-aesthetic searches in modern Kazakh literary criticism are evaluated, the prospects for its development are determined.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) in a sample of Moroccan students. Method: A total of 208 Moroccan students participated in this study. The dimensionality of the DASS-21 scale was assessed using exploratory factor analysis. Construct validity was assessed using the Stress Perception (PSS-10), State Anxiety (SAI), and Depression (CESD-10) scales. Results: Correlation analyses between Depression, Anxiety, and Stress subscales showed significant results. The exploratory factor analysis results confirmed the DASS’s three-dimensional structure. Furthermore, correlation analyses revealed positive correlations between the DASS-18 sub-dimensions and the three scales for Stress (PSS-10), Anxiety (SAI), and Depression (CESD-10). Conclusion: In line with previous work, the results of this study suggest that the DASS-18 reflect adequate psychometric properties, making it an appropriate tool for use in the university context.

Islamic based low-cost private school facing a suffer from a lack of new students due to the incapability to adapt to current condition. They are already “lost in the competition” with other school. This quality also includes the inability of the low-cost private schools to adapt with technology and change. Another finding is that low-cost private schools struggling in managing the funding and management. Low-cost private high school has become a key support in ensuring the fulfilment 12-year compulsory education stated by Indonesian Education Law. With only 40 percent of the total population able to attend public schools, the government as well as the private sector needs to accommodate affordable private schools to meet the need of high schools in Jakarta. Low-cost private schools become essential in providing the gap between the need of schools from the total population of students and the availability of the public school. The previous study highlighted organizational agility with the mediation of Islamic Work Ethic can be achieved through leadership capability and organizational culture, whilst several studies also suggest that Islamic Work Ethics or Istiqamah have no impact in promoting organizational agility. This research conducted in 2022–2023 encompassed 133 low-cost private high school in Jakarta in which all of them are Islamic low-cost private high school. The finding of this study is that school principal leadership capabilities and school culture are positively affect school agility with Istiqamah as mediated variable.

This research investigates the relationship between Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI), media content, and copyright laws. As GAI technologies continue to evolve and permeate various aspects of the media landscape, questions regarding the creation and protection of intellectual property have become paramount. The study aims to highlight the impact of GAI generated content, and the challenge it poses to the traditional copyright framework. Furthermore, the research addresses the evolving role of copyright laws in adapting to the dynamic landscape shaped by artificial intelligence. It investigates whether existing legal frameworks are equipped to handle the complexities introduced by GAI, or if there is a need for legislative and policy reforms. Ultimately, this research contributes to the ongoing discourse on the intersection of GAI, media, and copyrights, providing insights that can guide policymakers, legal practitioners, and industry stakeholders in navigating the evolving landscape of intellectual property in the age of artificial intelligence.