This study aims to explore the connotation of “Guanxi” within contemporary Chinese marketing channels and to construct and verify a global management model. The objective is to examine how instrumental and emotional dimensions of Guanxi influence enterprise operations and management processes. A hybrid research methodology combining qualitative and quantitative approaches was employed. In-depth interviews with 30 dealer executives provided qualitative insights, while a large-scale survey with 305 valid responses facilitated quantitative analysis. SPSS22.0 and LISREL8.8 were utilized for data analysis, including reliability, validity, hypothesis testing, and structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings reveal that Guanxi is multi-dimensional, comprising both instrumental and emotional components. Instrumental Guanxi includes factors such as status, prestige, credibility, and decision-making power, while emotional Guanxi encompasses trust, emotional connection, and mutual respect. Both dimensions significantly affect professionalism, shared values, contact frequency, and popularity within marketing channels. Hypothesis testing confirmed the significant relationships between these variables, except for the non-significant impact of popularity on instrumental Guanxi. The mediating effects of flexibility and supervision on the relationship between Guanxi and corporate performance were also significant, highlighting the mechanisms through which Guanxi influences organizational outcomes. Moderating effects of perceived internal incentive fairness and digital collaboration capabilities further amplify these relationships. Finaly, the study underscores the dual importance of strategic utility and emotional resonance in Guanxi, providing a robust model for understanding its impact on business management. These insights are valuable for both researchers and practitioners aiming to leverage Guanxi in enhancing organizational performance and relational strategies.

This research presents an innovative perspective on vocational education by merging the Instructional System Design (ISD) model with Innovation in Thailand Vocational Education and Training (InnoTVET) principles. Targeted at nursing students, the course aims to cultivate entrepreneurial skills while connecting vocational training with healthcare policy development. It aligns with global movements in Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), addressing the increasing demand for nurse entrepreneurs who can devise creative healthcare solutions within established policy frameworks. By employing mastery learning techniques alongside design thinking, the course effectively bridges theoretical concepts with practical applications. The mixed-methods study underlines relevant contribution in students’ entrepreneurial mindsets. Results from t-tests reveal the students’ ability to identify opportunities, engage in innovative thinking, and work within policy frameworks. Findings are supported by qualitative data, which demonstrate enhanced confidence, improved problem-solving capacities, and a deeper understanding of healthcare market dynamics. Although expert evaluation of student projects is scheduled for future iterations, the initial outcomes reinforce the course’s success. The course is structured into seven modules spanning 45 hours, featuring active learning components, five business-oriented assignments, and a final innovation project that integrates the curriculum’s core elements. This design ensures students develop both practical expertise and interdisciplinary insights critical to healthcare innovation. The integration of InnoTVET and ISD principles in nursing education sets a precedent for vocational education reform. This example of a successful nursepreneurship initiative provides a scalable model for enhancing vocational programs in diverse fields, fostering innovation and sustainability.

Arabic rhetoric has traditionally relied on ancient texts and human interpretation for teaching purposes. The study investigates ChatGPT’s ability to analyze and interpret Arabic rhetorical devices, specifically examining its capacity to handle cultural and contextual elements in rhetorical analysis. Drawing on institutional implementation frameworks and recent educational technology research, this study examines policy considerations for Arabic rhetoric education in an AI-driven environment, with a particular focus on sustainable digital infrastructure development and systematic reforms needed to support AI integration. The study employed the comparative approach to analyze eight rhetorical examples, including metaphors (“Zaid is a lion”), similes (“Someone is a sea”), and metonymy (“A person full of ash”), then compare ChatGPT’s interpretations with traditional explanations from classical Arabic rhetoric texts, particularly “Dala’il al-I’jaaz” by al-Jurjani. The results demonstrate that ChatGPT can provide basic interpretations of simple rhetorical devices, but it struggles with understanding cultural contexts and multiple layers of meaning inherent in Arabic rhetoric. The findings indicate that AI tools, despite their potential for modernizing rhetoric education, currently serve best as supplementary teaching aids rather than replacements for traditional interpretative methods in Arabic rhetoric instruction.

In a context of refugee precarity, the article highlights the significance of inclusive economic models for sustainable resilience amidst protracted crises, examining the interplay between humanitarian aid and economic development within the Minawao camp. Initially established as a temporary solution, the camp now shelters over 76,000 Nigerians fleeing Boko Haram violence. The study focuses on analyzing initiatives implemented to promote economic empowerment and resilience for refugees within a sustainable humanitarian framework. Through a combination of survey data, document reviews, and interviews, findings reveal that while these initiatives align with Sustainable Development Goal 8, they remain limited and insufficiently adapted to the skills and needs of the refugees. The camp’s geographic isolation and the passive involvement of the Cameroonian government further exacerbate the refugees’ dependency on humanitarian aid. Consequently, the study advocates for greater host-state involvement beyond theoretical agreements, the diversification of economic opportunities beyond the camp, adjustment of empowerment programs to meet refugee needs, and strengthened funding through innovative partnerships.

The development of critical thinking (CT) enhances academic and professional opportunities. A review of literature reveals the use of fragmented analysis techniques, such as descriptive and correlational methods, among others, which hinder a deeper understanding of CT levels. This research aims to develop a methodology for analyzing Critical Thinking test scores, integrating five phases: exploratory, item analysis, scoring, gap analysis, and correlational. Using a quantitative approach, CT skills were analyzed with the Halpern Critical Thinking Assessment, which includes both open- and closed-ended questions to measure five skills: Verbal Reasoning (VR), Argument Analysis (AA), Hypothesis Testing (HT), Probability Use (PU), and Problem Solving (PS). The sample consisted of 214 students aged 18 and older. The item analysis phase categorized the items into quadrants: satisfactory, for review, or for elimination, based on difficulty and discrimination indices. The gap analysis revealed that Verbal Reasoning and open-ended formats were less satisfactory. The correlational phase, using heat maps, showed a stronger association between Verbal Reasoning and Probability Use. The methodological contributions include a variety of strategies that provide recommended procedures for analyzing tests or questionnaires in general. In today’s digital age, the development of critical thinking is not only a desirable skill but an essential necessity for the higher education system.

In Emerging economies, MNCs (Multinational corporations) encounter several issues while devising Strategies to penetrate foreign markets, examining these SMEs’ performance in present times and assessing their internationalisation process is crucial. The purpose of this research is to investigate how international entrepreneurial orientation affects SMEs’ international performance during internationalization, as well as how organizational culture in the Kingdom influences the international performance of these MNCs. To attain this objective (n = 206) MNCs in the Kingdom have adopted internationalisation strategies. Questionnaires were administered as part of a survey approach for this study. To forecast and estimate relationships, partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed. This study indicates that improving internationalization performance, mainly through active participation in foreign markets, is one of the SMEs’ strategies during the internationalization process. The empirical findings demonstrate that international entrepreneurial orientation influences the internationalisation performance of SMEs largely influenced by organisational culture. Previous research shows that the success of SMEs’ internationalization, however, is not directly impacted by their international entrepreneurial orientation. This study supports the significance of organisational culture during internationalisation. This study offers insightful information that motivates policymakers and owner-managers in developing nations, especially in KSA, to build organizational cultures and dynamic capacities that meet the demands of globalization in today’s business scenario.