While extensive research has explored interconnectedness, volatility spillovers, and risk transmission across financial systems, the comparative dynamics between Islamic and conventional banks during crises, particularly in specific regions such as Saudi Arabia, are underexplored. This study investigates risk transmissions and contagion among banks operating in Islamic and conventional modes in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Daily banking stock data spanning November 2018 to November 2023, encompassing two major crises—COVID-19 and the Russian-Ukraine war—were analyzed. Using the frequency TVP-VAR approach, the study reveals that average total connectedness for both banking groups exceeds 50%, with short-run risk transmission dominating over long-term effects. Graphical visualizations highlight time-varying connectedness, driven predominantly by short-run spillovers, with similar patterns observed in both Islamic and conventional banking networks. The main contribution of this paper is the insight that long-term investment strategies are crucial for mitigating potential risks in the Saudi banking system, given its limited diversification opportunities.

With the progress of information technology, especially the widespread use of artificial intelligence technology, it has shown an important role in promoting economic and social development. Art and design in universities is a new discipline that combines modern technology with humanities and art. Only by emphasizing the development of science and technology, adapting to the requirements of the times, and closely integrating humanities and art with science and technology, can we gradually expand the educational channels for cultivating composite and innovative talents. Effectively organizing different types of scientific research activities, building a sound and comprehensive education system, plays an important role in adjusting teaching relationships, innovating teaching models, enhancing students' professional and comprehensive qualities, and improving their academic performance and employment competitiveness.

Using multiple evaluation methods and systems give a comprehensive assessment. A computer-based multiple-choice assessment system was designed, implemented, posted online, and used to assess students as part of their final evaluation marks for a discipline. The online system of evaluation was intended to be used multiple times for evaluating the assimilation degree of a specific course at the end of the course. The data recorded for the period 2017–2023 with about 1400 distinct users were used to analyze the performance of the evaluation system. The system worked fine and a slight modification of it served well on remote evaluation during COVID-19 period. However, the upturn of mobile phone applications requires the creation of a system adapted to the new virtual reality.

Complex security systems are designed to elevate physical security. Besides people’s first-hand experience of being secured, there is a secondary sensation of anxiety while being watched which should be given a particular emphasis. In this paper, first the Security & Happiness by Design Framework is proposed which is based on research findings in psychology. After a brief literature review on scholarly works addressing the intersection between security and psychology. The concept presented by HIBLISS, the Happiness Initiated Behaviour Led Intelligence Security System, underscores the integration of user well-being, behavioral analysis, and advanced technology within security frameworks. Specifically, the case study of the Jewel Airport in Singapore is cited to enhance the concept’s applicability, detailing its advantages and its role in a holistic risk assessment methodology.

The emergence of modern new technology, 3D printing technology, has attracted the attention of various sectors of society and gradually has a widespread impact on the education industry. In the current teaching of "mechanical design", on the basis of understanding 3D printing technology, university teachers urgently need to think about how to reasonably introduce this technology to innovate the teaching mode of "mechanical design". In this regard, this article analyzes the current situation of the "Mechanical Design" major through the initial introduction of 3D printing, elaborates on the advantages of applying 3D printing technology in the "Mechanical Design" teaching mode, and puts forward application suggestions. It is hoped that this can promote the exploration of the educational philosophy of 3D printing in the "Mechanical Design" teaching mode.

The growth of buildings in big cities necessitates Design Review (DR) to ensure good urban planning. Design Review involves the city community in various forms; however, community participation remains very limited or even non-existent. There are indications that the community has not been involved in the Design Review process. Currently, DR tends to involve only experts and local government, without including the community. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the extent of opportunities for community participation by exploring DR analysis in developed countries and related policies. In-depth interviews were also carried out with experts and Jakarta was selected as a case study since the city possessed the most intensive development. The results showed that the implementation of DR did not consider community participation. A constructivist paradigm was also applied with qualitative interpretive method by interpreting DR data and community participation. The strategy selected was a case study and library research adopted by examining theories from related literature. Additionally, the data was collected by reconstructing different sources such as books, journals, existing research, and secondary data from related agencies. Content and descriptive analysis methods were also used, where literature obtained from various references was analyzed to support research propositions and ideas.