The world has never been more developed, yet humanity is on the brink of irreversible environmental loss. Despite the urgency of the situation, there is a limited body of studies addressing environmental concerns in higher education institution, particularly in developing countries, i.e., Saudi Arabia. Sustainable development is the only viable solution, albeit it requires the courage to initiate and sustain efforts dedicated to preserving the environment for the well-being of future generation. The article delves into this issue and examines the impact of environmental education program (EEP) on environmental performance (EP) via waste minimization behaviour (WMB). The research involved meticulous data collection from a sample of 597 students, representing diverse genders and academic specialties at the esteemed public university—King Faisal University (KFU) in Saudi Arabia. The study used statistical software (including SPSS and AMOS, v 25) for rigorous analysis and revealed significant findings. Firstly, the study showed a significant and positive relationship between EEP and EP. Secondly, it revealed a significant and positive association between EEP and WMB. Thirdly, the study ascertained a significant and positive association between WMB and EP. Finally, the study found that the relationship between EEP and EP remains significant even after presenting WMB as a mediator, proposing that WMB has a partial mediation role between EEP and EP. The results highlighted the significance role of EEP in stimulating WMB and achieving EP in the Saudi universities, which contributes to national initiative of green Saudia.

Silymarin, a bioactive compound derived primarily from the seeds and fruit of the milk thistle (Silybum marianum) plant, has garnered increasing attention in recent years due to its potential applications in agriculture. This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted role of silymarin in agricultural practices, shedding light on its chemistry, biological activities, and diverse applications. The chemical structure and properties of silymarin are elucidated, emphasizing its unique solubility, stability, and bioavailability, which render it suitable for agricultural use. A significant portion of the review is dedicated to examining the biological activities of silymarin, which encompasses its antioxidant properties. The underlying mechanisms responsible for these activities are explored, highlighting their potential as a natural solution for mitigating environmental stressors that adversely affect crop health and productivity. Illustrative examples from research studies and practical applications underscore its effectiveness in safeguarding agricultural yields and ensuring food security. Furthermore, the review delves into the potential of silymarin to enhance crop growth, yield, and quality. Mechanisms through which silymarin influences plant physiology and metabolism are examined, providing valuable insights into its role as a growth-promoting agent in agriculture. The review concludes with a forward-looking examination of the prospects of silymarin in agriculture, highlighting emerging trends and areas of innovation that hold promise for sustainable and resilient farming systems. In summary, this review consolidates the current body of knowledge surrounding silymarin’s potential in agriculture. It underscores the versatility of silymarin as a natural tool for crop protection, growth enhancement, and environmental sustainability, offering valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers seeking innovative approaches to address the challenges of modern agriculture.

Distributed biomass energy technology has strong adaptability to the types of raw materials, flexible project scale, can meet the needs of special users, better economy in small scale, easier commercial development, in line with the characteristics of biomass resources and China’s national conditions. The distributed utilization of biomass energy mainly includes biomass briquette fuel and biogas. The key technologies include biomass briquette fuel processing and combustion, large and medium-sized biogas engineering technology, biomass gasification pyrolysis and gas utilization. At present, China’s distributed biomass energy technology is mainly in the stage of technological improvement and application demonstration. It is expected that by 2030, most of the key technologies will be basically mature and have the conditions for industrialization. The main development direction of China’s distributed biomass energy industry is the replacement of traditional coal-fired gas, urban/rural clean living energy supply, and rural ecological environmental protection. The pollution caused by burning coal/fuel oil, and at the same time centering on the national new urbanization strategy, provide sustainable clean energy for the construction of new rural areas, and improve the level of rural ecological and environmental protection. At present, the main bottleneck restricting the development of distributed biomass energy industry is economy and reliability. The state should increase investment in technological innovation and policy support, convert the environmental and social benefits of biomass energy into cost benefits, and promote biomass energy. The development of the industry can be distributed and utilized.

In the last several decades, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have emerged as a major hazard to human life and health. Conventional formulations for the treatment of CVD are available, but they are far from ideal because of poor water solubility, limited biological activity, non-targeting, and drug resistance. With the advancement of nanotechnology, a novel drug delivery approach for the treatment of CVDs has emerged: nano-drug delivery systems (NDDSs). NDDSs have shown significant advantages in tackling the difficulties listed above. Cytotoxicity is a difficulty with the use of non-destructive DNA sequences. NDDS categories and targeted tactics were outlined, as well as current research advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of CVDs. It’s possible that gene therapy might be included into nano-carriers in the delivery of cardiovascular medications in the future. In addition, the evaluation addressed the drug’s safety.

The study of the performance of high-efficiency heat pump systems has been a hot issue of general interest in the field of heat pump air conditioning. For the designed and developed two-stage casing tandem heat exchanger of heat pump system, the 3D finite volume method and the realizable k-ε model are used to numerically analyze the influence law of inlet fluid temperature and flow velocity on the overall heat transfer coefficient as well as the Nussle number of inner and outer tubes. The results show that decreasing the inlet water temperature or increasing the inlet refrigerant temperature can improve the overall heat transfer performance; Nu_in increases with the increase of water and refrigerant flow rates, while Nu_out increases with the increase of water flow rate but decreases with the increase of refrigerant flow rate; Nu_in and Nu_out both increase with the decrease of water temperature or refrigerant temperature increases.