The aim of this paper is to develop a methodology for determining the size of the unified land tax in agriculture based on the results of the economic assessment of agricultural land to form the foundation of a new effective system of macroeconomic instruments for state regulation of the innovative development of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan. There were used gatherings of facts and summaries, induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, historical and logical, normative, comparison, index and modeling methods in the research. The article provides an overview of various scholarly perspectives on the challenges and strategies for improving the tax system. The base rates of the unified land tax per hectare of arable land have been calculated to establish equal conditions for all land users. This unified land tax rate is expected to encourage the efficient utilization of land resources and enable the optimization of production structure. The article addresses avenues for improving water management relations in agriculture, aimed at fostering a shared interest and creating incentives for adopting innovative technologies in both agriculture and the water management sector. An essential condition for achieving the effective functioning of Kazakhstan’s agro-industrial complex is its transformation to an innovative development model. This necessitates the development and application of a new system of macroeconomic tools for its implementation, aimed at creating a favorable environment for entrepreneurial development.

This study aims to evaluate the influence of population dependency ratio on the economic growth of Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan, the three members of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). The study covers the time from 1960 to 2021. It also analyses in detail how population aging and the youth dependency ratio affects the development of certain sectors, including industry, services and agriculture. This study uses panel data to determine the influence of population dependency ratios on economic growth. To estimate this effect, we use the Pooled Mean Group/Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG/ARDL) technique. Based on the results obtained from the ARDL analysis indicate the presence of a long-term relationship among these variables. These discoveries align with prior empirical research conducted by Lee and Shin, Mamun et al., and Rostiana and Rodesbi. Furthermore, the findings suggest that an increase in the old age population dependency ratio positively influences economic growth within these nations. The long-term relationship findings pertaining to the old and young dependency ratio and economic growth corroborate the conclusions of Bawazir et al., who proposed that the old population dependency ratio exerts a favorable impact, while the young population has an adverse effect on economic growth. Originality: This research focused on the population dependency ratio, a pivotal demographic metric that gauges the proportion of individuals relying on support (including children and the elderly) compared to those of working age. This investigation particularly explores the interconnection between the population dependency ratio and sectoral development, an essential aspect given that various sectors make distinct contributions to economic advancement. Examining how population dynamics affect sectoral development yields valuable insights into the overall economic performance of Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh.

Training is an important content of enterprise human resource management, which is a purposeful, planned and step-by-step learning, its goal is to enable managers to master specific professional knowledge, working methods, skills, and improve their working attitudes and values, so that the potential of managers can be fully exerted, so that the performance of individuals and enterprises can be improved, and promote the development of individuals and organizations. For grassroots managers, as the front-line managers of the enterprise, about 60% of their employees are directly managed by them. One of the important bases for leaders to support training is the training program, how to write an attractive training program is a mandatory topic for every human resource management, this article will be from the training theme extraction, program logic concept, training safeguard measures several aspects to discuss, in order to enlighten the reader.

What personal competences of successful project managers are determined by their former career as an elite athlete? To answer the question, comprehensive research is carried out, implemented as part of the EEIG-EU/P-Kr/06.12/23 project. The primary aim is to establish conclusively which particular personality traits, identified and analysed using the Big Five Inventory-2 and supplemented by structured interviews, directly contribute to the success of former elite athletes transitioning into roles as effective project managers. We found that successful project managers who were also elite athletes possess personality traits that can be identified as positive determinants of success in either sport or professional careers. Among these personality traits, we can include a low level of neuroticism and a high level of conscientiousness, then extraversion and agreeableness. This paper contributes to a nuanced understanding of how the realms of sports and management intersect and overlap. The presented paper can serve as a basis for further research in the field of personality psychology and management studies.

The scientific discourse on university towns (UT) has progressed for a long time, with a surge of interest in recent years. However, a global overview of the research conducted on this topic have yet to exist. This paper aims to re-examine the relationship between UT and urbanization in literature. Built environment and people are often the most talked aspects in UT literatures. The variety of definitions remains largely uncharted. Policies behind UT development are also rarely studied. This article used an R studio-based bibliometric literature review to synthesize findings from various scientific literature. Keywords related to university towns and urban were used in digital search engines to examine and analyse the literature. Results revealed a significant gap in scientific research on critical theoretical concepts that planners can use as a guide in creating, formulating, and evaluating UT, especially in developing countries. This study promotes simplification of existing literature by examining the impact of UT on the stakeholders involved.