Organizations in the modern, global environment have moved away from traditional methods of communication and toward creating all-encompassing plans that revolve around the engagement and motivation of their workforce. This change highlights the critical function of strategic internal communication, a still-emerging but increasingly important field of study and practice in the business sector. The modern workplace sees a change in the roles that employees play, with workers taking on more and more duties that were previously related to public relations. Understanding this shift in PR practice requires an understanding of role expectations, as norms and expectations have a significant impact on communication behavior and, in turn, organizational performance. To interpret the data in this context, a content analysis of secondary data was conducted. This made it possible to assess the body of knowledge in order to determine its applicability, consistency, replication, and rebuttal. The study makes the case that paramilitary organizations, like the Nigeria Customs Service, have internal communication procedures that are different from those of traditional corporate organizational structures. Given the agency’s diverse responsibilities in income generation, trade facilitation, and the abolition of smuggling, this discrepancy is especially noticeable. The study shows that the relationship between internal communication and employees’ job performance was mediated by employee participation and job satisfaction.

This study focuses on the competency structure factors of elementary school English teachers under China’s new curriculum standards, aiming to reveal the core competencies that teachers should possess in the context of education in the new era. Through the comprehensive application of qualitative interviews and quantitative questionnaire survey methods, this study provides an in-depth analysis of the competency structure of primary English teachers. It was found that the competency structure of elementary school English teachers is mainly composed of six dimensions: professionalism, personality traits, teaching ability, student views, teaching organization strategy and research ability. These dimensions work together to influence teachers’ teaching effectiveness and students’ learning effectiveness. The study also found that there were significant differences in the competency characteristics of elementary school English teachers across gender, teaching experience and educational qualifications. In general, this study provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the professional development of elementary school English teachers, which can help to improve the quality of teachers’ teaching and promote the comprehensive development of students.

Map is the basic language of geography and an indispensable tool for spatial analysis. But for a long time, maps have been regarded as an objective and neutral scientific achievement. Inspired by critical geography, critical cartography/GIS came into being with the goal of clarifying the discourse embedded in cartographic practice. Power relationship challenges the untested assumption in map representation that is taken for granted. After more than 40 years of debate and running in, this research field has initially shown an outline, and critical cartography/GIS has roughly formed two research directions: the deconstruction path mainly starts from the identity of cartography subject and the process of map knowledge production, and analyzes the inseparable relationship between cartography and national governance and its internal power mechanism respectively; the construction path mainly relies on cooperative mapping and anti-mapping to realize the reproduction of map data. Domestic critical cartography/GIS research has just started, and it is necessary to continue to absorb the achievements of critical geography and carry out research in different historical periods. The deconstruction research of different types of maps also needs to strengthen the in-depth bridging between the construction path and the deconstruction path, and to be more open to the public. Impartial map application research, and actively apply the research results to social practice.

Banana (Musa spp.) productivity is limited by sodic soils, which impairs root growth and nutrient uptake. Analyzing root traits under stress conditions can aid in identifying tolerant genotypes. This study investigates the root morphological traits of banana cultivars under sodic soil stress conditions using Rhizovision software. The pot culture experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) under open field conditions, with treatments comprising the following varieties: Poovan (AAB), Udhayam (ABB), Karpooravalli (ABB), CO 3 (ABB), Kaveri Saba (ABB), Kaveri Kalki (ABB), Kaveri Haritha (ABB), Monthan (ABB), Nendran (AAB), and Rasthali (AAB), each replicated thrice. Parameters such as the number of roots, root tips, diameter, surface area, perimeter, and volume were assessed to evaluate the performance of different cultivars. The findings reveal that Karpooravali and Udhayam cultivars exhibited superior performance in terms of root morphology compared to other cultivars under sodic soil stress. These cultivars displayed increased root proliferation, elongation, and surface area, indicating their resilience to sodic soil stress. The utilization of Rhizovision software facilitated precise measurement and analysis of root traits, providing valuable insights into the adaptation mechanisms of banana cultivars to adverse soil conditions.

This work centres on the contribution of the Nigerian government’s Anchor Borrowers’ Programmes on rice production in the country. This study employs quantitative methodology and with a primary objective to dissect the efficacy of modern farming techniques facilitated by the Anchor Borrowers’ Programmes (ABP), evaluates the advantages and disadvantages inherent in rice production under this programme. Conducted within the agricultural landscape of Ebonyi State, Nigeria, this study adopts a cross-sectional survey approach to gauge the symbiotic relationship between rice production and the ABP. Targeting a cohort of rice smallholder farmers who have directly benefited from the program, the work employs stratified random sampling and purposeful selection techniques to guarantee comprehensive representation within a population of 400 respondents. This study utilizes the mixed-methods approach to data collection, including structured questionnaires administered to rice farmers in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. This research tests hypotheses by utilising statistical tools such as regression analysis. The outcome of this study underscores the imperative for continued support and refinement of the Anchor Borrowers’ Programme. Moreover, it elucidates the pivotal role of financial institutions and agricultural lending agencies in equipping farmers with the requisite skills and resources. Ultimately, this study affirms the crucial role of modern farming methodologies in propelling rice production within Ebonyi State, Nigeria. It recommends that young school leavers, especially those in the rural areas should also be encouraged to venture into agriculture through schemes such as the ABP, bank financing and innovative financing so as to help the Federal Government achieve its economic diversification drive.

Nawacita work program of Indonesian Governance aims to actualize a golden Indonesia by 2045 by accelerating development and human resources. However, the Indonesian people face several difficult problems of their own. Several strategic policies have been put into place in Indonesia to promote fair development and lessen regional differences. These policies include macroeconomic management, economic deregulation, the development of new resources economically, the maritime economy, and productivity enhancement. The Nawacita program’s reflection in addressing regional imbalances in Indonesian regencies and cities is covered in this report. This study employs quantitative and bibliographic techniques along with political economic analysis methodologies to investigate in-depth and information. The study’s findings indicate that although differences between Indonesia’s districts and cities are gradually narrowing, the country’s GDP per capita is still below the global average. Most of the strategic measures put in place by the Indonesian Governance have not resulted in the anticipated expansion of the economy. Nonetheless, in current period of government, connectivity in enhancing productivity across regions through Indonesia centric development is a primary objective to ease accessibility between areas, which has frequently been disregarded. particularly in the Papua region, which has not exactly developed and been left behind. According to the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis’s findings, increasing productivity is a task that needs to be finished right now to lessen regional differences in Indonesia.