This research paper aims to examine the association between financial development and environmental quality in 31 European Union (EU) countries from 2001 to 2020. This study proposed an estimation model for the study by combining regression models. The regression model has a dependent variable, carbon emissions, and five independent variables, including Urbanization (URB), Total population (POP), Gross domestic product (GDP), Credit to the private sector (FDB), and Foreign direct investment (FDI). This research used regression methods such as the Fixed Effects Model, Random Effects Model, and Feasible generalized least squaresThe findings reveal that URB, POP, and GDP positively impact carbon emissions in EU countries, whereas the FDB variable exhibits a contrary effect. The remaining variable, FDI, is not statistically significant. In response to these findings, we advocate for adopting transformative green solutions that aim to enhance the quality of health, society, and the environment, offering comprehensive strategies to address Europe’s environmental challenges and pave the way for a sustainable future.
Urbanization plays a crucial role in facilitating the integration of population growth, industrial development, economic expansion, and energy consumption. In this paper, we aim to examine the relationships between CO2 emissions and various factors including economic growth, urbanization, financial development, and energy consumption within Pakistan’s building sector. The study utilizes annual data spanning from 1990 to 2020. To analyze the cointegration relationship between these variables, we employ the quantile autoregressive distributed lag error correction model (QARDL-ECM). The findings of this research provide evidence supporting the presence of an asymmetric and nonlinear long-term relationship between the variables under investigation. Based on these results, we suggest the implementation of tariffs on nonrenewable energy sources and the formulation of policies that promote sustainable energy practices. By doing so, policymakers and architects can effectively contribute to minimising environmental damage. Overall, this study offers valuable insights that can assist policymakers and architects in making informed decisions to mitigate environmental harm while fostering sustainable development.
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