“principles”Search All-EnPress Publisher LLC.

Nov 13, 2024

General principles for modeling of thermal prebiotic synthesis and protocell self-organization in planetary environment simulators: From non-equilibrium thermodynamics to engineering thermophysics

This paper considers the problem of achieving plausible and effective (leading to the formation of structures similar to biological ones) conditions for modeling thermally induced prebiotic processes from the perspective of thermodynamics, thermal physics, and thermal engineering. The article’s presentation is based on the principle of transition from thermal physics and thermodynamics to thermal engineering for constructing planetary environment simulators with controlled environmental conditions. Based on the physical premises from the first parts of this comprehensive review, a conclusion is made regarding the need to consider an additional set of controlled physical parameters or additional factors influencing the models of prebiotic synthesis and formation of precellular/protocell structures implemented in planetary environment simulators and hydrothermal synthesis reactors. Non-thermal heating sources are also considered, such as radiofrequency and microwave irradiation for dielectric heating, as well as radioisotope heating in the early Earth/protoplanet conditions. The coexistence of physical and chemical pathways for heating the prebiotic environment and the feasibility of modeling this separation in planetary environment simulators and controllable climate chamber facilities are highlighted. Exothermic reactions during hydrothermal serpentinization are considered as an example of chemical heating in prebiotic environments. This can lead to the abiotic synthesis of organic matter (which correlates well with the existing hypotheses of the origin of life in alkaline hydrothermal vents, with the mineral genesis of protocells and membrane potential generation on inorganic catalytic protomembranes). Thermal proteinoids and thermal proteinoid microspheres that form on their basis are considered an example of purely organic prebiotic structures obtained via hydrothermal heating. It is demonstrated that the application of thermophysical and thermal engineering approaches to modeling prebiotic systems enables the simulation of many key cellular functions by varying the precursor medium composition and the conditions in thermal experimental setups. Protobiocatalysis and protometabolism, surface (or membrane) potential oscillations, excitability, and physical heredity (thermal fission) are observed in such structures. After addition of the genetic components, the machinery for transcription and translation of the expressed genetic code can also operate within them. The possibility of implementing such models as “hypercycle in protocells” and other proto-metabolic and protogenetic networks capable of oscillation is indicated in prebiotic system models obtained in thermally cycling experimental setups. Kompanichenko’s thermodynamic theory, which also applies to hydrothermal and volcanic conditions that can be simulated in planetary environment simulators, is considered a theoretical justification for the possibility of assembling prebiological systems under such oscillatory conditions. Thus, it becomes possible to move from formal thermodynamics for describing the origin of life to engineering thermodynamics and thermal physics, which allows for the development of experimental setups and simulation chambers for validating various models of prebiological synthesis and the formation of protobiological structures, based on thermodynamic and thermochemical criteria.

Abstract

Download PDF(641.94KB)

XML

13

93

Nov 8, 2024

The problem of defining “juvenile justice” concept and its principles in legal science

This article addresses the complex challenge of defining the concept and principles of juvenile justice within the realm of legal science: juvenile justice is a specialized legal framework that focuses on addressing legal issues involving minors, emphasizing rehabilitation over punishment. The article explores the evolution of juvenile justice, examining its theoretical foundations, legislative developments, and practical applications across different legal systems. By dissecting various definitions and principles proposed by scholars and practitioners, this article aims to clarify the core components of juvenile justice and propose a coherent conceptual framework. This article seeks to analyze and elucidate the concept and principles of juvenile justice by examining its historical development, theoretical underpinnings, and current practices. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and comparative analysis of various legal systems, the article seeks to provide a robust framework for understanding juvenile justice, to offer clarity on “juvenile justice” definition and principles, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of juvenile justice systems and contributing to more informed policy-making and legal reform. The analysis underscores the importance of protecting minors’ rights while balancing the interests of society, thereby contributing to a more nuanced understanding of juvenile justice in contemporary legal discourse. Based on the research, it is suggested to define juvenile justice as a comprehensive system of legal norms and institutions, state and other bodies that protect the rights of minors, as well as a complex of preventive and other measures in this area.

Abstract

Download PDF(279.98KB)

XML

27

339

Nov 7, 2024

Response to:what implications do climate change and the 2015 Paris Agreement have for cultural heritage principles?

Climate change poses significant threats to global cultural heritage, with rising temperatures, increased precipitation, and more frequent extreme weather events accelerating the decay of historic sites and natural landscapes. This paper examines the multifaceted impacts of climate change on cultural heritage, highlighting the urgent need for effective mitigation strategies as outlined in the 2015 Paris Agreement. Through case studies of Hurst Castle in England and Venice in Italy, the study illustrates how these changes have already led to significant damage to heritage sites. It underscores the role of international cooperation and the integration of climate action into heritage preservation efforts. Furthermore, the paper discusses the importance of sustainable development and cultural heritage protection, calling for global action to ensure the preservation of human history in the face of climate change. The findings stress the need for comprehensive climate risk assessments and strategic planning to safeguard cultural heritage for future generations.

Abstract

Download PDF(282.06KB)

XML

8

174

Nov 4, 2024

Integrating LLMs and software-defined resources for enhanced demonstrative cloud computing education in university curricula

This paper explores the integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Software-Defined Resources (SDR) as innovative tools for enhancing cloud computing education in university curricula. The study emphasizes the importance of practical knowledge in cloud technologies such as Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), Software as a Service (SaaS), DevOps, and cloud-native environments. It introduces Lean principles to optimize the teaching framework, promoting efficiency and effectiveness in learning. By examining a comprehensive educational reform project, the research demonstrates that incorporating SDR and LLMs can significantly enhance student engagement and learning outcomes, while also providing essential hands-on skills required in today’s dynamic cloud computing landscape. A key innovation of this study is the development and application of the Entropy-Based Diversity Efficiency Analysis (EDEA) framework, a novel method to measure and optimize the diversity and efficiency of educational content. The EDEA analysis yielded surprising results, showing that applying SDR (i.e., using cloud technologies) and LLMs can each improve a course’s Diversity Efficiency Index (DEI) by approximately one-fifth. The integrated approach presented in this paper provides a structured tool for continuous improvement in education and demonstrates the potential for modernizing educational strategies to better align with the evolving needs of the cloud computing industry.

Abstract

Download PDF(418.52KB)

XML

21

268

Aug 7, 2024

Constitutional regime in the Republic of Poland: Democracy and authoritarian tendencies

The purpose of the article is the analysis of the constitutional regime in the Republic of Poland, the study of democratic and authoritarian tendencies. The article is devoted to the coverage of one of the most pressing issues, namely the constitutional principles of Polish democracy, which play an important role in determining the political system and functioning of the State. They establish the basic principles of a democratic system, protect the rights and freedoms of citizens, and determine the relationship between the Government and the people. Poland, as a democratic republic, has its own constitutional principles, ensuring the stability of the political system and the development of democracy in the country. The article analyzes the constitutional principles in the doctrine of constitutional law and constitutional practice of Poland, examines their nature and significance for the supremacy of the Constitution and the development of the legal system. Authoritarian tendencies are covered as well. It is determined that nowadays there is a tense interaction between democratic principles and tendencies towards authoritarianism in the Republic of Poland. This situation is reflected in political actions, legislative changes and Government actions that can contribute to the undermining of democratic institutions and values.

Abstract

Download PDF(445.97KB)

XML

11

231

Mar 6, 2024

Group Patterns, Differential Patterns, and Home-State Connections--Family-State Relationships from the Principles of the Philosophy of Law and One Book and One Body

The group pattern and differential pattern as describing the Chinese and Western societies not only reflect the differences in the social structure of China and the West, but also show the differences in the Chinese and Western home-state associations to a certain extent. Based on Hegel’s Principles of the Philosophy of Law and Zhou Feizhou’s One Book and One Body, this paper tries to find out where the differences between Chinese and German family-state associations lie. Based on the two discussions, the author believes that the differences between the two home-state associations lie in the different importance of the home, the different intermediate links in the transition from home to state, and the different political ethics. With the development of modern society, the community is in the process of continuous downgrading, while the Chinese family-state unity still has a certain vitality and vigor also shows that the Chinese and Western communities do not need to be destined. The social structure of modern Germany shows an obvious group pattern, and under the group pattern, the family-state connection in Germany lacks the intermediate link of transition from family to civil society. This is where the difference between the two countries lies.

Abstract

Download PDF(231.33KB)

XML

8