The most important issue of economic development is the question of the real reasons for the growth of labor productivity based on innovative equipment and technologies or “closing technologies”, both directly and in the sphere of organization and management of economic systems. Organizational innovations can also be classified as “closing technologies”. For example, the creation of strategic institution, alliances and associations capable of changing the situation in the global economy, likely World Bank (WB), World Health Organization (WHO), International association Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa (BRICS) etc. This approach involves the formation of fundamental innovative solutions at all levels of the management hierarchy. The imperfection of the existing ideological and methodological paradigm, ignoring the mathematical constants of the Universe when designing economic supersystems or economic systems as integral distributed systems with complex dynamics similar to natural systems, the inefficiency of institutional intervention is the main reason for the impossibility of minimizing the structural and functional instability of the state economic system. The consequence of this is systemic violations and disproportions in the economy, risks associated with changes in the structure of the world economy and a colossal difference in the level of economic security of states and the phenomenon of crisis transfer.

Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), such as solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, wind turbines, and energy storage systems, offer many benefits, including increased energy efficiency, sustainability, and grid reliability. However, their integration into the smart grid also introduces new vulnerabilities to cyber threats. The smart grid is becoming more digitalized, with advanced technologies like Internet of Things (IoT) devices, communication networks, and automation systems that enable the integration of DER systems. While this enhances grid efficiency and control, it creates more entry points for attackers and thus expands the attack surface for potential cyber threats. Protecting DERs from cyberattacks is crucial to maintaining the overall reliability, security, and privacy of the smart grid. The adopted cybersecurity strategies should not only address current threats but also anticipate future dangers. This requires ongoing risk assessments, staying updated on emerging threats, and being prepared to adapt cybersecurity measures accordingly. This paper highlights some critical points regarding the importance of cybersecurity for Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) and the evolving landscape of the smart grid. This research study shows that there is need for a proactive and adaptable cybersecurity approach that encompasses prevention, detection, response, and recovery to safeguard these critical energy systems against cyber threats, both today and in the future. This work serves as a valuable tool in enhancing the cybersecurity posture of utilities and grid-connected DER owners and operators. It allows them to make informed decisions, protect critical infrastructure, and ensure the reliability and security of grid-connected DER systems in an evolving energy landscape.

The proposed research work encompasses implications for infrastructure particularly the cybersecurity as an essential in soft infrastructure, and policy making particularly on secure access management of infrastructure governance. In this study, we introduce a novel parameter focusing on the timestamp duration of password entry, enhancing the algorithm titled EPSBalgorithmv01 with seven parameters. The proposed parameter incorporates an analysis of the historical time spent by users entering their passwords, employing ARIMA for processing. To assess the efficacy of the updated algorithm, we developed a simulator and employed a multi-experimental approach. The evaluation utilized a test dataset comprising 617 authentic records from 111 individuals within a selected company spanning from 2017 to 2022. Our findings reveal significant advancements in EPSBalgorithmv01 compared to its predecessor namely EPSBalgorithmv00. While EPSBalgorithmv00 struggled with a recognition rate of 28.00% and a precision of 71.171, EPSBalgorithmv01 exhibited a recognition rate of 17% with a precision of 82.882%. Despite a decrease in recognition rate, EPSBalgorithmv01 demonstrates a notable improvement of approximately 14% over EPSBalgorithmv00.

The usage of cybersecurity is growing steadily because it is beneficial to us. When people use cybersecurity, they can easily protect their valuable data. Today, everyone is connected through the internet. It’s much easier for a thief to connect important data through cyber-attacks. Everyone needs cybersecurity to protect their precious personal data and sustainable infrastructure development in data science. However, systems protecting our data using the existing cybersecurity systems is difficult. There are different types of cybersecurity threats. It can be phishing, malware, ransomware, and so on. To prevent these attacks, people need advanced cybersecurity systems. Many software helps to prevent cyber-attacks. However, these are not able to early detect suspicious internet threat exchanges. This research used machine learning models in cybersecurity to enhance threat detection. Reducing cyberattacks internet and enhancing data protection; this system makes it possible to browse anywhere through the internet securely. The Kaggle dataset was collected to build technology to detect untrustworthy online threat exchanges early. To obtain better results and accuracy, a few pre-processing approaches were applied. Feature engineering is applied to the dataset to improve the quality of data. Ultimately, the random forest, gradient boosting, XGBoost, and Light GBM were used to achieve our goal. Random forest obtained 96% accuracy, which is the best and helpful to get a good outcome for the social development in the cybersecurity system.

The technological infrastructure is the basis for the successful implementation and operation of information systems in small and medium enterprises. The study aimed to demonstrate the impact of cybersecurity on entrepreneurship strategies in small and medium enterprises. Through technological infrastructure in Balqa Governorate. The study population consisted of small and medium enterprises in Balqa Governorate in Jordan. The study followed the descriptive analytical approach and relied on the questionnaire to collect data. The sample size was 360 individuals were randomly select. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was use to analyze the data. The study reached a set of results, including that the management of small and medium enterprises is committed to continuous supervision and control of customer information. Dealing with reliable parties to ensure the confidentiality of information, following strict standards for disclosure and circulation of customer data and information based on legal texts. Maintaining the privacy of customers’ financial data, in addition to supporting the successes of individuals based on the personal efforts of employees, providing a suitable work environment for employees, sustaining excellence and achievement, and working to increase awareness among its employees of the importance of innovation and creativity in work. The study recommended that customer data confidentiality should be consider a top priority for small and medium enterprises. The data should be stored in more than one place at the same time, that project websites should follow a privacy policy, and that the customer’s identity should be verify before submitting his data and documents, by involving employees in small and medium enterprises in specialized courses and workshops to demonstrate the importance of data and information confidentiality.

Since the external environment on a global level is very unstable, recovering from various unexpected shocks becomes a challenging question for all countries. Thus, for each country it is necessary to understand its weaknesses and threats. Further, the preparation for any level of uncertainty in various fields must be imperative. Even for the most unpredictable shocks such as pandemic, cyberthreat, or even war. The aim of the article is to evaluate the state resilience of the Baltic States by creating the national resilience index. A state’s resilience is based on four pillars: economic, social, good governance, and defence. The methodology is based the SAW method, data has been collected from NATO and Eurostat databases. As the result of the study, resilience index has been estimated for each year from 2015 to 2022. Results revealed vulnerability and problematic areas of each country.