The starting point is the presence of a widespread feeling of political confrontation and division among Spanish citizens. This is compounded by dissatisfaction with and distrust in a system that is perceived by many as elitist and out of touch with real needs. Several factors related to this perception of politics are explained and quantified. On the one hand, there are economic elements, such as the stagnation of GDP per capita, the persistence of a relatively high at-risk-of-poverty rate, and the rates of material deprivation. And in all these elements, a significant territorial inequality can be observed. There are significant differences between Spain, France and Germany over the period considered. On the other hand, political factors determine much of the public debate in Spain: Historical memory and the Spanish Civil War, as well as the terrorism of ETA and other terrorist groups. The emergence of new parties is analyzed, especially VOX. Finally, the enormous difficulty of finding a territorial structure of political power that would bring together the consensus of most political forces. It is necessary to find formulas for fiscal federalism that will make it possible to move away from the current decentralization of spending without the Autonomous Communities having their own tax capacity. This study concludes by pointing out the relevance of all these problems and the need to find solutions through democratic debate and deliberation with agreements.

Osteoid osteoma (OO) is a benign osteoblastic tumor of bone that usually affects children and young adults. They are usually located on metaphysis or diaphysis of long bones. Their clinical, anamnesis and radiological findings are typical. Intra-articular OO however has different properties due to its placement within joints. Sclerosis around the lesion is either minimal or non-existent, but synovitis can be seen in the joint. For this reason, they are usually diagnosed later. In this case series, we diagnosed three cases (2 ankles and 1 hip joint) that were diagnosed with osteochondral lesions previously and had in chronic pain which did not respond to several treatments in different centers with intra-articular OO and treated them with radiofrequency ablation using computerized tomography. Knowing the radiological properties of intra-articular OO and being aware of this condition during differential diagnosis of joint pain cases will be useful to diagnose this rare pathology.

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the detection and diagnosis of plant diseases has gained significant interest in modern agriculture. The appeal of AI arises from its ability to rapidly and precisely analyze extensive and complex information, allowing farmers and agricultural experts to quickly identify plant diseases. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the detection and diagnosis of plant diseases has gained significant attention in the world of agriculture and agronomy. By harnessing the power of AI to identify and diagnose plant diseases, it is expected that farmers and agricultural experts will have improved capabilities to tackle the challenges posed by these diseases. This will lead to increased effectiveness and efficiency, ultimately resulting in higher agricultural productivity and reduced losses caused by plant diseases. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the detection and diagnosis of plant diseases has resulted in significant benefits in the field of agriculture. By using AI technology, farmers and agricultural professionals can quickly and accurately identify illnesses affecting their crops. This allows for the prompt adoption of appropriate preventative and corrective actions, therefore reducing losses caused by plant diseases.

Diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) are gaining prominence in healthcare systems worldwide to standardize potential payments to hospitals. This study, conducted across public hospitals, investigates the impact of DRG implementation on human resource allocation and management practices. The research findings reveal significant changes in job roles and skill requirements based on a mixed-methods approach involving 70 healthcare professionals across various roles. 50% of respondents reported changes in daily responsibilities, and 42% noted the creation of new roles in their organizations. Significant challenges include inadequate training (46%), and coding complexity (38%). Factor analysis revealed a complex relationship between DRG familiarity, job satisfaction, and staff morale. The study also found a moderate negative correlation between the impact on morale and years of service in the current hospital, suggesting that longer-tenured staff may require additional support in adapting to DRG systems. This study addresses a knowledge gap in the human resource aspects of DRG implementation. It provides healthcare administrators and policymakers with evidence to inform strategies for effective DRG adoption and workforce management in public hospitals.

Introduction: Periodontal disease affects more than half of the population in Colombia and is estimated to be one of the leading causes of oral morbidity. Diagnostic aids that allow the evaluation of its extension and severity are of importance since this will provide reliable tools to quantify the severity of the problem. Objective: To determine the inter-examiner agreement for the detection of radiographic findings in patients with localized chronic periodontitis using conventional periapical radiography. Methods: Study of diagnostic tests including patients with localized chronic periodontitis, the tooth with the worst clinical insertion level and a single conventional radiograph per dental organ using parallelism technique. The radiographic evaluations were performed by two independent and blinded evaluators for the findings: lamina dura, bone defects and type of defect. The agreement obtained was estimated through Cohen’s Kappa. Results: A total of 125 radiographs were taken. The mean age was 38.8 ± 9.9, and 61.6% were women. Concordance for lamina dura was 0.08 (95% CI: -0.04–0.21), bone defects 1.00 (95% CI: 1.00–1.00); type of defect present 0.31 (95% CI: 0.29–0.38). Conclusions: Concordance was evaluated as null, almost perfect and acceptable for the findings lamina dura, presence of bone defects and type of defect respectively. For some findings and given the importance of the diagnostic and therapeutic processes, more accurate evaluations are needed which would result in a higher degree of agreement.

Objective: To investigate the value of differential diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cirrhotic nodules via radiomics models based on magnetic resonance images. Background: This study is to distinguish hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhotic nodules using MR-radiomics features extracted from four different phases of MRI images, concluded T1WI, T2WI, T2 SPIR and delay phase of contrast MRI. Methods: In this study, the four kind of magnetic resonance images of 23 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were collected. Among them, 12 patients with liver cirrhosis were used to obtain cirrhotic nodules (CN). The dataset was used to extract MR-radiomics features from regions of interest (ROI). The statistical methods of MRradiomics features could distinguish HCC and CN. And the ability of radiomics features between HCC and CN was estimated by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results: A total of 424 radiomics features were extracted from four kind of magnetic resonance images. 86 features in delay phase of contrast MRI，86 features in spir phase of T2WI，86 features in T1WI and 88 features in T2WI showed statistical difference (p < 0.05). Among them, the area under the curves (AUC) of these features larger than 0.85 were 58 features in delay phase of contrast MRI, 54 features in spir phase of T2WI, 62 features in T1WI and 57 features in T2WI. Conclusions: Radiomics features extracted from MRI images have the potential to distinguish HCC and CN.