Gout is an arthritis characterized by the deposition of sodium monoacid crystals in the synovial membrane, articular cartilage, and periarticular tissues that leads to an inflamatory process. In most cases, the diagnosis is established by clinical criteria and analysis of the synovial fluid for MSU crystals. However, gout may manifest in atypical ways and make diagnosis difficult. In these situations, imaging studies play a fundamental role in helping to confirm the diagnosis or even exclude other differential diagnoses. Conventional radiography is still the most commonly used method in the follow-up of these patients, but it is a very insensitive test, because it only detects late changes. In recent years, advances in imaging methods have emerged in relation to gout. Ultrasound has proven to be a highly accurate test in the diagnosis of gout, identifying MSU deposits in articular cartilage and periarticular tissues, and detecting and characterizing tophi, tendinopathies, and tophi enthesopathies. Computed tomography is an excellent exam for the detection of bone erosions and evaluation of spinal involvement. Dual-energy computed tomography, a new method that provides information on the chemical composition of tissues, allows identification of MSU deposits with high accuracy. MRI can be useful in the evaluation of deep tissues not accessible by ultrasound. In addition to diagnosis, with the emergence of drugs that aim to reduce the tophaceous burden, imaging examinations become a useful tool in the follow-up treatment of gout patients.

Introduction: Given the heterogeneous nature and inherent complexity of forensic medical expertise, the expert (medical professional or related areas) must make the best use of the technical and technological tools at his disposal. Imaging, referring to the set of techniques that allow obtaining images of the human body for clinical or scientific purposes, in any of its techniques, is a powerful support tool for establishing facts or technical evidence in the legal field. Objective: To analyze the use of magnetic resonance and computed tomography in postmortem diagnosis. Methodology: information was searched in the databases PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Journal and in the search engine Google Scholar, using the terms “X-Ray Computed Tomography”, “Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy”, “Autopsy” and “Forensic Medicine” published in the period 2008–2015. Results: MRI is useful for the detailed study of soft tissues and organs, while computed tomography allows the identification of fractures, calcifications, implants and trauma. Conclusions: In the reports found in the literature search, regarding the use of nuclear magnetic resonance and computed tomography in postmortem cases, named by the genesis of the trauma, correlation was found between the use of imaging and the correct expert diagnosis at autopsy.

Imaging technology plays a key role in guiding endovascular treatment of aortic aneurysm, especially in the complex thoracoabdominal aorta. The combination of high quality images with a sterile and functional environment in the surgical suite can reduce contrast and radiation exposure for both patient and operator, in addition to better outcomes. This presentation aims to describe the current use of this technique, combining angiotomography and intraoperative cone beam computed tomography, image “fusion” and intravascular ultrasound, to guide procedures and thus improve the intraoperative success rate and reduce the need for reoperation. On the other hand, a procedure is described to create customized 3D templates with the high-definition images of the patient’s arterial anatomy, which serve as specific guides for making fenestrated stents in the operating room. These customized fenestration templates could expand the number of patients with complex aneurysms treated minimally invasively.

Based on the characteristics of liquid lens sparse aperture imaging, a radiative multiplet array structure is proposed; a simplified model of sparse aperture imaging is given, and the analytical expression of the modulation transfer function is derived from the optical pupil function of the multiplet array structure; the specific distribution form of this multiplet array structure is given, and the structure parameters are approximated by the dimensionless method; the two types of radiative multiplet array structures are discussed, and the filling factor, redundancy, modulation transfer function and other characteristic parameters are calculated. The physical phenomena exhibited by the parametric scan are discussed, and the structural features and imaging characteristics of these two arrays are compared. The results show that the type-II structure with larger actual equivalent aperture and actual cutoff frequency and lower redundancy is selected when the average modulation transfer function and the IF characteristics of the modulation transfer function of the two structures are close to each other; the type-II structure has certain advantages in imaging; the conclusion is suitable for arbitrary enclosing circle size because the liquid lens-based multiplet array structure adopts dimensionless approximation parameters; compared with the composite toroidal structure, the radiative multiplet mirror structure has a larger actual cut-off frequency and actual equivalent aperture when the filling factor is the same.

Objective: to determine the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance hysterosalpingography (HSG-MRI), using laparoscopy as the reference method. Materials and methods: 22 patients were included. All underwent HSG-MRI with a 1.5 Tesla resonator and then laparoscopy with chromotubation. Two radiologists examined the MRIs, determining tubal patency by consensus. Descriptive and diagnostic performance analyses were performed. Results: HSG-MRI had a success rate of 91%. Study duration was 49 ± 15 minutes, volume injected 26 ± 16 cm³ and pain scale 30 ± 19 out of 100. Sensitivity and specificity of HSG-MRI were 100% for global and left Cotte test, and 25% and 93.3% for right Cotte test, respectively. There were 2 minor complications and no major complications. Discussion: our initial results demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity. Although other studies analyzed the ability of HSG-MRI to assess tubal patency with good results, the use of a flawed reference standard left room for reasonable doubt, preventing a recommendation based on solid evidence. However, when comparing our results with those published, we observed a high degree of concordance insofar as the positive effusion is correctly diagnosed with a specificity of 100% or with a percentage close to this figure.

To address the problem that the imaging inversion method based on a single model in integrated aperture imaging is difficult to effectively correct model errors and perform accurate image reconstruction, a dual-model (DM)-based integrated aperture imaging inversion method is proposed for correcting the parametric errors of the inversion model and performing highly accurate millimeter-wave image reconstruction of the target scene. In view of the different parameter sensitivities of the Fourier transform (MFFT) model and the G-matrix (GM) model, the proposed DM method first corrects the imaging parameters with errors accurately by comparing the reconstruction errors of the two models; then recon-structs a high-precision target image based on the accurate GM model with the help of an improved regularization method. It is proved by simulation experiments that the proposed DM method can effectively correct the parameter errors of the imaging model and reconstruct the target scene with high accuracy in millimeter wave images compared with the traditional single-model imaging method.