This research examines the Jegingger, novel written by Ahmad Tohari (JAT) which highlights the banal life of a family (palm trees climbers). JAT was re-narrated as exploiting the tension between the economy and family ties, whether ideally economic activities are separate (industrial economy) or integrated with the family (subsistence). Cultural establishments are mutually contested: the subsistence culture of traditional society is challenged by the productive economy, or conversely, the productive economy is challenged by the banal subsistence economy of traditional society. The methodology of postclassical narratology—exploring and explaining cultural manifestations and then exposing chronological sequences-was used to structure the vulnerability or resilience of banal communities in maintaining social ties. A subsistence economy with its characteristics of low productivity because it tends to be a cultural activity—not economic. It contains vulnerabilities seen from two sides: 1) banal agencies that do not have literacy and competence in carrying out subsistence professions have the potential to commit malpractice; 2) low productivity limits access to health facilities. These two weaknesses become obstacles to maintaining social ties. Sacrilege—abuse of sacred symbols—which was triggered by the malpractice of coconut climbing, has caused social disorganization—the loss of basic family and community affection—becoming a hub for the idea of raising awareness of the importance of the power of knowledge and materials in supporting traditional community ties. Mastery of material, especially in massive amounts (1.5 billion diamond necklaces), can transform a banal agency into a powerful one.

Contract workers are the direct victims of casualization but beyond that, the effects they suffer transcend to their families and the larger society. The study examined the effects of casualization on the contract workers of banks in Sokoto, Nigeria. The primary methods of gathering data for the study were in-depth and key informant interviews, with sixty individuals who were specifically chosen. Following content analysis, the gathered data were presented narratively with verbatim quotations. According to the study, there are a number of negative effects of casualization, such as low wages that contribute to a low standard of living and the inability of employees and their families to adequately meet their basic needs, the arbitrary termination of casual employees without cause, and the lack of a claim for work-related injuries or diseases in the event of an accident or death. The overall inference is that the temporary employees are working in appallingly subpar conditions. The study suggests that in order to raise the living standards of their temporary employees, banks should provide welfare packages. Additionally, because inflation is on the rise, contract employees’ compensation should be reviewed upward.

This research introduces a novel framework integrating stochastic finite element analysis (FEA) with advanced circular statistical methods to optimize heat pump efficiency under material uncertainties. The proposed methodologies and optimization focus on balancing the mean efficiency and variability by adjusting the concentration parameter of the Von Mises distribution, which models directional variability in thermal conductivity. The study highlights the superiority of the Von Mises distribution in achieving more consistent and efficient thermal performance compared to the uniform distribution. We also conducted a sensitivity analysis of the parameters for further insights. The results show that optimal tuning of the concentration parameter can significantly reduce efficiency variability while maintaining a mean efficiency above the desired threshold. This demonstrates the importance of considering both stochastic effects and directional consistency in thermal systems, providing robust and reliable design strategies.

The article examines the appearance of various unfortunate situations and tragic events in modern Kazakh novels that arise due to human and natural ecology problems. The research’s primary goal is to analyze human and natural ecology issues based on contemporary Kazakh novels. We have chosen A. Nurpeyisov’s novel “The Last Duty” as our research material, which focuses on issues of human and natural ecology, and we will discuss the large-scale issues concerning the fate of human, nature, and society as a collective. The research topic’s practical significancelies in examining Kazakh novels that address crucial issues like safeguarding the ecological environment and preserving the green earth, which directly impact the destiny and future of humanity. It also aims to highlight their role in advancing societal development, elevating human values, and safeguarding our spiritual heritage. The research method involves mentioning the names of Kazakh novels that specifically and indirectly focus on the topic of human and natural ecology and summarizing their common features. The article also employed research methods such as analysis, comparison, and discussion. The novelty of the research result: Here are some relevant points. First, in the article, the core topic of the problem of human and natural ecology, which is common to all humanity in modern Kazakh novels, was highlighted. Second, analyzing the three characters, Zhadiger, Pakizat and Azim, which reveal the actual idea of the novel “The Last Duty,” the writer’s stylistic features and skillful aspects were also mentioned during the analysis of the character image through deep psychological analysis, landscape description, clear image, and artistic language, and theoretical conclusions and analyses were presented.

This paper focuses on examining the relationship among organizational factor, work-related factor, psychological factor, personal factor and the commitment of oil palm smallholders toward Malaysian Sustainable Palm Oil (MSPO) certification. The study employed a descriptive research methodology and a structured survey instrument to gather data from oil palm smallholders (n = 441) through simple random sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS and partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the proposed relationship. The findings reveal that organizational factors significantly impact the affective (β = 0.345, p < 0.05), normative (β = 0.424, p < 0.05), and continuance commitment (β = 0.339, p < 0.05) of oil palm smallholders. Additionally, work-related factors show a substantial effect on these same dimensions of commitment; affective (β = 0.277, p < 0.05), normative (β = 0.263, p < 0.05), and continuance (β = 0.413, p < 0.05). Psychological factors significantly impact the affective (β = 0.216, p < 0.05) and normative commitment (β = 0.146, p < 0.05), with no statistically significant influence on continuance commitment. Conversely, personal factors exhibit limited influence, affecting only continuance commitment (β = 0.104, p < 0.05) to a minor degree, with no statistically significant impact on affective and normative commitment. The present research is among the few empirical findings that have examined the oil palm smallholders’ commitment towards MSPO certification. By emphasizing the role of organizational and work-related factors, the study offers valuable insights for stakeholders within the oil palm sector, highlighting areas to enhance smallholder commitment toward sustainability standards. Consequently, this study contributes a unique perspective to the existing body of literature on sustainable practices in the oil palm industry.

This paper explores the ritual practices associated with Beiyuan Tribute Tea production in Jianzhou, Fujian, China. Beiyuan Tribute Tea, a historically significant tea, originated in the Tang Dynasty, flourished during the Song Dynasty, and experienced a decline in the Ming Dynasty, reproduced in contemporary times. The tea’s production involved intricate rituals that not only enhanced its quality but also embedded it deeply into the socio-cultural and religious fabric of the time. These rituals, encompassing aspects of religious reverence, craftsmanship, and social etiquette, played a crucial role in the tea’s esteemed status as a tribute to Chinese emperors in history. The study utilized ethnographic methods, including participant observation, in-depth interviews with 17 people, and document analysis, to capture the rich, contextual details of the tea production process. The study delves into the historical context, production techniques, and symbolic meanings of the rituals, highlighting their impact on the broader cultural heritage of Chinese tea. The recent revival efforts of these traditions underscore their enduring significance and offer insights into the cultural continuity and adaptation in contemporary tea practices.