The Primary and secondary shadow education refers to a kind of unofficial education that exists outside the traditional mainstream primary and secondary education system in China, with both commercial and educational attributes. As the primary and secondary school stage is an important key stage for further education, existing research mainly focuses on the spatial distribution of primary and secondary school basic education facilities and non-subject training, with fewer studies targeting primary and secondary school subject tutoring shadow education. With the changes in China’s education industry and the introduction of the Double Reduction Policy, there is an urgent need to conduct in-depth research on the spatial aggregation characteristics and influencing factors of Shadow Education Enterprises for primary and secondary school students. This paper takes the main urban area of Zhengzhou City as the study area, and takes primary and secondary school Shadow Education Enterprises as the research object, and applies spatial analysis methods such as kernel density, nearest-neighbor index, and geographic detector to quantitatively analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of primary and secondary school shadow education tutoring enterprises in Zhengzhou City and the factors affecting them The results show that: 1) The overall spatial pattern of primary and secondary school tutoring Shadow Education Enterprises in the main urban area of Zhengzhou City has largely formed a core-edge structural feature that spreads from the urban center to the periphery, and presents the spatial agglomeration feature of “double nuclei many times” distributed along both sides of the Beijing-Guangzhou Line. 2) The distribution of mentoring Shadow Education Enterprises in the main urban area of Zhengzhou City in relation to provincial model primary and secondary schools is significant and there is a significant difference between the distribution around secondary schools and primary schools. 3) The spatial distribution of Shadow Education Enterprises in the main urban area of Zhengzhou City is mainly influenced by factors such as the size of the school-age population, the level of commercial development, the location of school buildings and the accessibility of transport.

The continuous escalation of social risks has exacerbated the challenges faced by aging urban communities. In this context, resilience building emerges as a critical approach, offering new perspectives and innovative solutions to address these issues. This paper applies the theories of risk society and resilience governance to establish an analytical framework for resilience governance, specifically examining the current status of resilience construction within the Jin Guang Men community in Xi’an. The findings indicate that resilience building within these aging urban communities is hindered by issues such as weak grassroots governance, deficient repair mechanisms, inadequate infrastructure, and a slow pace of information technology adoption. To effectively manage social risks, it is imperative to strengthen party leadership in governance, enhance community self-repair capacities, upgrade infrastructure, and accelerate the application of information technology. These measures are essential for bolstering the risk management capabilities of aging urban communities.

Fujian Tubao, a defensive residential structure predominantly found in central Fujian, represents a significant cultural heritage of the region. However, with the rapid urbanization underway, Fujian Tubao faces the threat of extinction, presenting severe challenges to its survival and development. Identifying a sustainable development path for Fujian Tubao is crucial for preserving regional culture. This study uses Fuxing Bao, a quintessential example of Fujian Tubao, as a case study to explore conservation methods based on adaptive reuse. Through field surveys, questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and case studies, we analyze the historical background of the building, focusing on the current physical and social environment of Fuxing Bao. Our findings indicate that the current state of preservation of Fuxing Bao can meet the requirements for adaptive reuse. By integrating results from surveys and interviews with local villagers, we propose sustainable development strategies and conservation methods. This research offers a sustainable development model for Fujian Tubao and other traditional regional dwellings. By adopting an adaptive reuse perspective, it aims to better address the conflict between modern living and traditional architectural preservation, ensuring that these architectural spaces are properly protected and continue to play a unique role in contemporary society.

The scientific objective of this study is to demonstrate how a hybrid photovoltaic-grid-generator microsystem responds under transient regime to varying loads and grid disconnection/reconnection. The object of the research was realized by acquiring the electrical magnitudes from the three PV systems (25 kW, 40 kW, and 60 kW) connected to the grid and the consumer (on-grid), during the technological process where the load fluctuated uncontrollably. Similar recordings were also made for the transient regime caused by the grid disconnection, diesel generator activation (450 kVA), its synchronization with PV systems, power supply to receivers, and grid voltage restoration after diesel generator shutdown. Analysis of the data focused on power supply continuity, voltage stability, and frequency variations. Findings indicated that on-grid photovoltaic systems had a 7.9% maximum voltage deviation from the standard value (230 V) and a frequency variation within ±1%. In the transient period caused by the grid disconnection and reconnection, a brief period with supply interruption was noted. This study contributes to the understanding of hybrid system behavior during transient regimes.