Public signs in scenic spots play the role of guidance, instruction and warning, and are of great significance to promote the development of scenic spots. Guang’an District has a strong historical and cultural heritage and the rapid development of tourism, but the English translation of public signs in the scenic spot has become increasingly prominent, mainly including nonstandard translation, spelling errors, logical confusion and grammatical errors. In order to promote the solution of such problems, this paper will analyze the current situation of English translation of public signs in Guang’an scenic spots, and put forward solutions to the problems of English translation of public signs through hiring professional translators, cultural difference training and regional cooperation.

This study investigated the influence of infrastructure spending, government debt, and inflation on GDP in South Africa from 1995 to 2023. Motivated by the need for sustainable growth amid fiscal and inflationary pressures, this research addresses gaps in understanding how these factors shape economic performance. The primary objective was to assess these variables’ individual and combined effects on GDP and offer policy recommendations. Using an ARDL model, the study explored long- and short-term relationships among the variables. Results indicate that infrastructure spending positively impacts GDP, promoting long-term growth, while government debt hinders GDP in both short and long runs. Moderate inflation supports growth, but excessive inflation poses risks. These findings imply the need for targeted infrastructure investments, strict debt management practices, and inflation control measures to sustain economic stability and growth. Policy recommendations include expanding public investment in productive infrastructure, implementing fiscal rules to prevent unsustainable debt levels, and maintaining inflation within a controlled range. Ultimately, these policies could help South Africa build a resilient, balanced economy that addresses both immediate growth needs and long-term stability.

Cyclically, the debate on Keynes’ economic policies reemerge. The economic impact of the pandemic caused by COVID-19 has relaunched the discussion about the importance of Keynesian policies, the multipliers effects, and their impact on stimulating economies. This paper aims to analyze the importance and relevance of the Keynesian multiplier before the pandemic, in a period without experiencing exceptional aggregate shocks. The main focus of the research is to examine the shortcomings of the public investment multiplier, which plays a central role in Keynesian theory. Despite the undeniable relevance of the concept, the issue is to understand the extent to which the multiplier is still relevant in specific contexts. The research presents empirical evidence which suggests that the effects of public investment depend on structural characteristics of economies specifically trade liberalization, the dimension of internal markets, the question of countries having the freedom to issue their currency, and the issue of currencies being accepted as an international reserve. A sample of 35 OECD countries was used for the period 2010–2018. The Keynesian public investment multiplier was calculated for several countries and the obtained values were related to various correlations carried out to assess the relationship between public investment, national income, and specific characteristics of the economies to which the multipliers are sensitive. The results obtained contrast in terms of short-term and long-term impacts so, is at least dubious, that one can rely on Keynesian public policies to boost economies at least in the absence of substantial shocks to aggregate demand.

This article scrutinizes the multifaceted challenges inherent in intergovernmental coordination across various sectors, with a particular emphasis on sustainable development and entrepreneurial activity within the Republic of Moldova. It argues that despite the existence of intergovernmental cooperation, it often manifests as deficient, contradictory, incomplete, and inefficient. Through a meticulous analysis, this study delineates the roles of pertinent authorities and institutions in fostering the sustainable development of entrepreneurial activities, identifying critical inter-institutional coordination issues and challenges. The discourse extends to examining institutional processes and the extent to which policies, laws, and international standards are implemented to nurture and sustain business activities. Moreover, the paper explores various strategies to cultivate responsible, transparent, and effective dialogue between institutions, thereby promoting innovative practices, expanding cooperation, and fostering partnerships with national and civil society organizations, including international bodies.

The article investigates trade flows between the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) member-states and Belarus before the upcoming Belarus’ joining the organization. The export flows of the countries are modeled using a power function based on the time data. The results of the qualitative and quantitative analysis of foreign trade between the organization and the Republic of Belarus are presented, as well as the quantitative forecast of the prospects open to Belarus in connection with its joining the organization based on three original scenarios using econometric models. The results of the study show that Belarus has certain promising sectors of foreign economic activity, which can contribute to an increase in income from trade. It was found that the integration of the country will have a positive effect on increasing the volume of trade turnover with the participating countries, while in order to maintain sustainable economic growth of the country, domestic development of production should remain a priority, as evidenced by the obtained parameter estimates for the factors. An assessment of potential economic effects can be used to make a decision on whether a country should join an international organization. In particular, based on the assessments in our study in trade with Russia the expected increase in Belarus exports upon joining the Shanghai Cooperation Organization will constitute an increase of nearly 5%, exports to Kazakhstan are expected to increase by almost 75%, and to India and China by almost 90%. In the context of reshaping of international associations and organizations, the problems and issues raised in the study become even more relevant.

Introduction: Citizen insecurity is a complex, multidimensional and multi-causal social problem, defined as the spaces where people feel insecure mainly due to organized crime in all nations that suffer from it. Objective: To analyzes the sociodemographic factors associated with public insecurity in a Peruvian population. Methodology: The research employed a non-experimental, quantitative design with a descriptive and cross-sectional approach. A total of 11,116, citizens participated, ranging from 18 to 85 years old (young adults, adults, and the elderly), of both sexes, and with any occupation, education level, and marital status. The study employed purposive non-probability sampling to select the participants. Results: More than 50% of the population feels unsafe, in public and private spaces. All analyzed sociodemographic variables (p < 0.05), showing distinctions in the perception of citizen insecurity based on age, gender, marital status, occupation, area of residence, and education level. It was determined that young, single students, who had not experienced a criminal event and reside in urban areas, regardless of gender, perceive a greater sense of insecurity. Contribution: The study is relevant due to the generality of the results in a significant sample, demonstrating that the study contributes to understanding how various elements of the socioeconomic and demographic context can influence the way in which individuals perceive insecurity in their communities, likewise, the perception of citizen insecurity directly affects the general well-being and quality of life of residents, influencing their behaviors and attitudes towards coexistence and public policies; which will help implement more effective actions in the sector to reduce crime rates.