Metal oxide-based nanohybrids have become multipurpose materials that connect basic nanoscience with useful technology uses. They are appealing for a variety of sectors, from biology to energy and environmental remediation, due to their tunable physicochemical features and synergistic interactions. The main synthesis approaches—physical, chemical, and green/biological—are presented in a cohesive manner in this review, emphasizing their benefits, drawbacks, scalability, and appropriateness for various application requirements. Characterization methods including spectroscopy, diffraction, and microscopy are presented as crucial connections that link final functional performance with structure, composition, and morphology in addition to being analytical instruments. Additionally, the review incorporates new advancements such as data-driven intelligent material design, sustainable synthesis utilizing microbes and plant extracts, and machine learning-assisted process optimization. All things considered, this work provides a coherent overview linking synthesis techniques, property assessment, and application potential, providing insights that can direct the future development of effective, environmentally friendly metal oxide nanohybrids designed for practical technological deployment.

The current state of the Moroccan mountains in general, and the Beni Iznassen Mountains in particular, is the result of a dynamic process that has accelerated in recent years due to rapid demographic growth and the associated pressure on mountain natural resources. This has led to significant degradation, varying in severity across different areas within the Beni Iznassen Mountain range. In the context of these imbalances between natural mountain resources and the daily needs of the local population, there has been an emergence of various challenges, such as poverty and marginalization, affecting the lives of the region’s residents and a noticeable decline in socioeconomic indicators. This situation has consequently driven migration towards regions that better meet the population’s needs. Therefore, it has become essential to pay attention to this natural area by restoring its residents’ livelihoods, breaking their isolation, and rationalizing the use of its land-based natural resources. This has made the region a focus of territorial development efforts by both the state and local stakeholders.