The development of critical thinking (CT) enhances academic and professional opportunities. A review of literature reveals the use of fragmented analysis techniques, such as descriptive and correlational methods, among others, which hinder a deeper understanding of CT levels. This research aims to develop a methodology for analyzing Critical Thinking test scores, integrating five phases: exploratory, item analysis, scoring, gap analysis, and correlational. Using a quantitative approach, CT skills were analyzed with the Halpern Critical Thinking Assessment, which includes both open- and closed-ended questions to measure five skills: Verbal Reasoning (VR), Argument Analysis (AA), Hypothesis Testing (HT), Probability Use (PU), and Problem Solving (PS). The sample consisted of 214 students aged 18 and older. The item analysis phase categorized the items into quadrants: satisfactory, for review, or for elimination, based on difficulty and discrimination indices. The gap analysis revealed that Verbal Reasoning and open-ended formats were less satisfactory. The correlational phase, using heat maps, showed a stronger association between Verbal Reasoning and Probability Use. The methodological contributions include a variety of strategies that provide recommended procedures for analyzing tests or questionnaires in general. In today’s digital age, the development of critical thinking is not only a desirable skill but an essential necessity for the higher education system.

This study seeks to examine the factors affecting the intention of Indonesian MSMEs to adopt QRIS. It leverages variables from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), customizing the TAM framework to address the unique perceptions of risk and cost among MSMEs in Indonesia. Data were gathered from 212 MSME participants in Brebes Regency through convenience sampling, a non-probability sampling technique, using Google Forms for survey distribution. The findings indicate that perceived ease of use positively and significantly influences attitudes, which, in turn, positively and significantly impact the intention to continue using QRIS. However, perceived benefits, perceived risks, and perceived costs did not significantly affect the intention to continue use.

The technological infrastructure is the basis for the successful implementation and operation of information systems in small and medium enterprises. The study aimed to demonstrate the impact of cybersecurity on entrepreneurship strategies in small and medium enterprises. Through technological infrastructure in Balqa Governorate. The study population consisted of small and medium enterprises in Balqa Governorate in Jordan. The study followed the descriptive analytical approach and relied on the questionnaire to collect data. The sample size was 360 individuals were randomly select. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was use to analyze the data. The study reached a set of results, including that the management of small and medium enterprises is committed to continuous supervision and control of customer information. Dealing with reliable parties to ensure the confidentiality of information, following strict standards for disclosure and circulation of customer data and information based on legal texts. Maintaining the privacy of customers’ financial data, in addition to supporting the successes of individuals based on the personal efforts of employees, providing a suitable work environment for employees, sustaining excellence and achievement, and working to increase awareness among its employees of the importance of innovation and creativity in work. The study recommended that customer data confidentiality should be consider a top priority for small and medium enterprises. The data should be stored in more than one place at the same time, that project websites should follow a privacy policy, and that the customer’s identity should be verify before submitting his data and documents, by involving employees in small and medium enterprises in specialized courses and workshops to demonstrate the importance of data and information confidentiality.

In the context of establishing businesses in a new region, neglecting environmental orientation may lead to the omission of crucial motives for entrepreneurs’ migration and the subsequent course of their businesses. This present study aims to investigate the effect of green space quality (GSQ), green campaign (GC), and green attitude (GA) on green entrepreneurship pioneering intention (GEPI). Further, national pride (NP) was added as a moderator. This study utilized a cross-sectional approach using a survey method targeting small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) owners who will be relocated to the new capital city. Partial least square structural equation modeling was employed in the data analysis. The results revealed that GSQ, GC, and GA positively influence GEPI. Also, NP moderates the positive influences of GC and GA on GEPI. Entrepreneurs were motivated to pioneer green entrepreneurship in the new region due to environmental factors. Furthermore, their nationalism reinforces the connection between environmental motivations and the aspirations to undertake such pioneering endeavors. The findings present valuable insights for governments to formulate policies that encourage entrepreneurs to migrate internally and establish new economic nodes. Further, the results demonstrate how nationalism encourages green business pioneering endeavors in an untapped market.

This study applies the multiple streams theory. It will further analyze the internal factors of the confluence of multiple sources, in order to explain why the “Joint Recruitment of Four Universities in Macao” policy has become the agenda of the Macao government. The entrance examination requirements from Macau universities are various. They increase local students’ pressure and consume their energy, thus serving as the source of the Problem Stream. The Policy Stream is represented by the Macau government’s intention to reduce students’ educational burden through establishing a unified assessment system. The Political Stream includes the Macau government’s commitment to improving the Macau education system, such as strengthening the multi-assessment system and the “The Fundamental Law of Non-tertiary Education System”. The convergence of these three sources has opened a policy window for the “Joint Recruitment of Four Universities in Macao” system, leading to a new student evaluation system. This policy not only addresses Macau’s social challenges and improves education governance while also highlighting the city’s educational diversity endeavors. Additionally, the strategies for implementing the “Four-University Joint Examination” policy include reducing the number of exams for students, implementing multi-education and multi-enrollment in higher education institutions, analyzing and improving the examination system based on educational big data, and understanding the basic elements and integration paths of big data in higher education. The Macau government can adjust major settings and enrollment quota allocation in the future, draw in more students from the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries and the “Belt and Road” regions, and integrate the joint admission method into the Greater Bay Area education cooperation in order to meet the needs of the growing Macao education industry.

Uncontrolled economic development often leads to land degradation, a decline in ecosystem services, and negative impacts on community welfare. This study employs water yield (WY) modeling as a method for environmental management, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between Land Use Land Cover (LULC), Land Use Intensity (LUI), and WY to support sustainable natural resource management in the Cisadane Watershed, Indonesia. The objectives include: (1) analyzing changes in WY for 2010, 2015, and 2021; (2) predicting WY for 2030 and 2050 under two scenarios—Business as Usual (BAU) and Protected Forest Area (PFA); (3) assessing the impacts of LULC and climate change on WY; and (4) exploring the relationship between LUI and WY. The Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model calculates actual and predicted WY conditions, while the Coupling Coordination Degree (CCD) analyzes the LULC-WY relationship. Results indicate that the annual WY in 2021 was 215.8 × 108 m³, reflecting a 30.42% increase from 2010. Predictions show an increasing trend in WY under both scenarios for 2030 and 2050 with different magnitudes. Rainfall contributes 88.99% more dominantly to WY than LULC. Additionally, around 50% of districts exhibited unbalanced coordination between LUI and WY in 2010 and 2020. This study reveals the importance of ESs in sustainable watershed management amidst increasing demand for natural resources due to population growth.