Plum (Prunus domestica) is a seasonal nutraceutical fruit rich in many functional food nutrients such as vitamin C, antioxidants, total phenolic content, and minerals. Recently, researchers have focused on improvised technologies for the retention of bioactive compounds during the processing of perishable fruits; plum is one of these fruits. This study looked at how the percentage of moisture content and percentage of acidity were affected by conventional drying and osmotic dehydration. Total phenolic content (mg GA/100 g of plum), total anthocyanin content (mg/100 g), and vitamin C (mg/100 g) Conventional drying of fruit was carried out at 80.0 ℃ for 5 h. At various temperatures (45.0 ℃, 50.0 ℃, and 55.0 ℃) and hypertonic solution concentrations (65.0 B, 70.0 B, and 75.0 B), the whole fruit was osmotically dehydrated. It was observed that the osmotically treated fruit retains more nutrients than conventionally dried fruit. The total phenolic content of fruit significantly increased with the increase in process temperature. However, vitamin C and total anthocyanin content of the fruit decreased significantly with process temperature, and hypertonic solution concentration was observed. Hence, it was concluded that osmodehydration could be employed for nutrient retention in plum fruit over conventional drying. This process needs to be further refined, improvised, and optimised for plum processing.

During the early spring in the woodlands of eastern North America, Phlox drummondii emerges as a perennial plant adorned with a profusion of blooms in shades of blue, purple, pink, or white. Its evergreen nature adds to its charm. To manage the growth of plants or specific plant parts, plant growth regulators (PGRs) are synthesized and employed, serving as valuable tools for controlling and directing the development of various plant species. A diverse range of ornamental plants, such as Phlox drummondii, have been documented to receive exogenous applications of plant growth regulators (PGRs). Among these regulators, gibberellins (GA) play a vital role by delaying senescence in flowers and promoting the breaking of dormancy in seeds, bulbs, and corms of ornamental plants. The experiment aimed to assess the performance and determine the optimal growth medium for Phlox. Five distinct growth media were employed as treatments during the study, which took place in the Horticulture Department of Gomal University. Collected data underwent analysis through ANOVA and Tuckey HSD tests. The study’s findings revealed that the highest plant height (16 cm) was observed in the control treatment with PGR 1, closely followed by PGR 2 (11.5 cm). The treatment labeled as T5, composed of a mixture of 1/3 sand, 1/3 poultry manure, and 1/3 soil, demonstrated the most favorable results across multiple parameters such as bud initiation (BI), first flower emergence (FFE), flowers per plant (FPP), branches per plant (BPP), leaves per plant (LPP), number of roots (NR), field life of flowers (FLF), and flower diameter (FD). T4, T3, T2, and T1 treatments also exhibited similar positive outcomes, aligning with the promising performance of T5.

To gain a deep understanding of maintenance and repair planning, investigate the weak points of the distribution network, and discover unusual events, it is necessary to trace the shutdowns that occurred in the network. Many incidents happened due to the failure of thermal equipment in schools. On the other hand, the most important task of electricity distribution companies is to provide reliable and stable electricity, which minimal blackouts and standard voltage should accompany. This research uses seasonal time series and artificial neural network approaches to provide models to predict the failure rate of one of the equipment used in two areas covered by the greater Tehran electricity distribution company. These data were extracted weekly from April 2019 to March 2021 from the ENOX incident registration software. For this purpose, after pre-processing the data, the appropriate final model was presented with the help of Minitab and MATLAB software. Also, average air temperature, rainfall, and wind speed were selected as input variables for the neural network. The mean square error has been used to evaluate the proposed models’ error rate. The results show that the time series models performed better than the multi-layer perceptron neural network in predicting the failure rate of the target equipment and can be used to predict future periods.

Objective: To study the changes of growth, physiological and absorption characteristics of Pinus bungeana under ozone (O₃) stress, to elucidate the correlations among the indicators, and to determine its degree of response to O₃. Methods: The growth, physiological characteristics and O₃ uptake capacity of Pinus bungeana seedlings were measured in an open-top O₃ fumigation manual control experiment with three concentration gradients (NF: normal atmospheric O₃ concentration, NF40: normal atmospheric O₃ concentration plus 40 nmlol/mol; NF80: normal atmospheric O₃ concentration plus 80 nmol/mol), and the relationships between the characteristics of Pinus bungeana under different O₃ concentrations were investigated with correlation analysis, redundancy analysis and analysis of variance. Results: (1) Plant height growth (ΔH), diameter growth at 50 cm (ΔDBH), stomatal size (S), stomatal density (M), stomatal opening (K), stomatal conductance (G_s), net photosynthetic rate (P_n), transpiration rate (E_t), water use efficiency (WUE), maximum photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m), chlorophyll content (CHL), whole tree water consumption (W), and O₃ uptake rate () all decreased with the increase of O₃ concentration; while intercellular CO₂ concentration () and relative conductivity (L) increased with the increase of O₃ concentration; (2) growth indicators of Pinus bungeana under O₃ stress (ΔH, ΔDBH) were the most correlated with O₃ uptake status (, W), followed by photosynthetic indicators (, WUE, ,, ) and growth indicators (ΔH, ΔDBH) and stomatal characteristics (K, M, S) under O₃ stress, some physiological indicators (L, ) were relatively weakly correlated with photosynthesis (, WUE,,, ) and stomatal (K, M, S); (3) all the indicators of Pinus bungeana were significantly different under O₃ treatments of NF and NF80 (P < 0.05), ΔH, ΔDBH, M, CHL, , , W and were most significantly different under NF and NF40 treatments, and K, S, WUE, , , , L were more significantly different under NF40 and NF80 treatments. Conclusion: The experiment proved that the growth of Pinus bungeana was slowed, photosynthetic capacity was reduced, and the absorption capacity of O₃ was further reduced by long-term exposure to high concentration of O₃. The growth of Pinus bungeana was most correlated with the changes of O₃ absorption characteristics, and the stomatal characteristics were most correlated with photosynthetic physiological characteristics, and the reduction of photosynthetic capacity etc. further led to the curtailment of its growth.

Aiming at the problem of incompatibility of biomass models of forest organs, taking Chinese fir in Fujian Jiangle State-owned Forest Farm as the research object, based on selecting the optimal independent model of each organ, the biomass compatibility model of Chinese fir was established with a three-level joint control scheme. The results show that the compatibility equation system based on the whole plant biomass can effectively solve the problem of incompatibility in the whole plant biomass, each sub-biomass and between sub-biomass. Besides, except for the leaf biomass model, all other biomass models have good fitting effect, which is of great significance to the guidance of the analysis of local Chinese fir biomass.

The study examines the impact of various theories on the reflection and transmission phenomena caused by obliquely incident longitudinal and transverse waves at the interface between a continuously elastic solid half-space and a thermoelastic half-space, using multiple thermoelastic models. Numerical calculations reveal that the thermoelastic medium supports one transmitted transverse wave and two transmitted longitudinal waves. The modulus of amplitude proportions is analyzed as a function of the angle of incidence, showing distinct variations across the studied models. Energy ratios, derived from wave amplitudes under consistent surface boundary conditions for copper, are computed and compared across angles of incidence. The results demonstrate that the total energy ratio consistently sums to one, validating energy conservation principles. Graphical comparisons of amplitude proportions and energy ratios for SV and P waves across different models illustrate significant differences in wave behavior, emphasizing the influence of thermoelastic properties on wave transmission and reflection.