Cyclically, the debate on Keynes’ economic policies reemerge. The economic impact of the pandemic caused by COVID-19 has relaunched the discussion about the importance of Keynesian policies, the multipliers effects, and their impact on stimulating economies. This paper aims to analyze the importance and relevance of the Keynesian multiplier before the pandemic, in a period without experiencing exceptional aggregate shocks. The main focus of the research is to examine the shortcomings of the public investment multiplier, which plays a central role in Keynesian theory. Despite the undeniable relevance of the concept, the issue is to understand the extent to which the multiplier is still relevant in specific contexts. The research presents empirical evidence which suggests that the effects of public investment depend on structural characteristics of economies specifically trade liberalization, the dimension of internal markets, the question of countries having the freedom to issue their currency, and the issue of currencies being accepted as an international reserve. A sample of 35 OECD countries was used for the period 2010–2018. The Keynesian public investment multiplier was calculated for several countries and the obtained values were related to various correlations carried out to assess the relationship between public investment, national income, and specific characteristics of the economies to which the multipliers are sensitive. The results obtained contrast in terms of short-term and long-term impacts so, is at least dubious, that one can rely on Keynesian public policies to boost economies at least in the absence of substantial shocks to aggregate demand.

In Ecuador, although regulations on curricular adaptations are clearly defined, Physical Education teachers face challenges at the micro-curricular level in adapting their classes to meet the needs of students with disabilities, specific learning difficulties, and vulnerable situations. The objective of this study was to analyze the presence and characteristics of specific curricular adaptations for Physical Education on a global scale. A scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, covering studies from the Scopus database. A total of 112 articles were identified, and 16 that met the inclusion criteria were selected. These studies addressed curricular adaptations in Physical Education across five dimensions: teaching methodology, inclusive assessment, access to resources, accessible environments, and learning content, with a focus on students with disabilities. It was concluded that the combination of access adaptations, methodological strategies, and curricular content modifications enhances the inclusion and participation of students with disabilities. Interventions with these simultaneous adaptations achieved levels of satisfaction, self-efficacy, and holistic development, influenced by the geographical and cultural context.

This paper presents an overview of the policies and efforts of the Provincial Government of Bali, Indonesia, to tackle the development of HIV/AIDS. This study considers the socio-cultural context and analyzes the factors that are most likely to influence its spread, the response of the community, and the local government’s efforts to form Provincial AIDS commission whose movement is supported by the village government and the community to suppress the spread of HIV/AIDS. The authors observe the micro factors that most determine this program, such as attitudes, behaviors, and desires of policy-making actors, stakeholders, implementing organizations, adequacy of human resources, financial funds, information, education, communication, advocacy, regional languages, the role of students, and field workers, and local culture in preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS. Therefore, this research does not focus on just one dimension in efforts to deal with this outbreak. Following the application of the public policy theory, all potential contributing elements must be addressed simultaneously. This requires a truly interdisciplinary and multisectoral approach that requires to be comprehended by policymakers in other provinces where the prevalence of HIV/AIDS is quite high. This effort also requires commitment and strong political will from levels of government.

As the most basic cultural venue and an important public space in rural areas, the rural museum is not only an important carrier to realize the national strategy of rural revitalization, but also a key link to open up the "last kilometer" of spiritual prosperity in the common prosperity between urban and rural areas. As one of the three pilot provinces for the construction of rural museums under the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, Zhejiang Province has listed rural museums as one of the top ten practical matters for people's livelihood, and took the lead in issuing the Zhejiang Provincial Rural Museum Construction Guide (Trial) at the national level. The construction of rural museums in Zhejiang province has entered a new stage. The paper extracts and summarizes the common problems, successful experiences and typical cases existing in the actual development process of Zhejiang rural museums, and constructs the "Zhejiang paradigm" for the sustainable development of rural museums with promotion value and demonstration significance, providing Zhejiang experience for the sustainable development of national rural museums.

Autism is often referred to as autism spectrum disorder that constitutes a diverse group of conditions related to brain development (which is a neurodevelopmental disorder). Autism spectrum disorder patients often have difficulty communicating and interacting socially, and are characterized by restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests that have been shown to be the same in cultures of countries around the world. However, the interpretation of symptoms and recognition in terms of policies and laws in countries are not the same. Accordingly, some countries recognize autism spectrum disorder as one of the types of disability and some countries do not, including Vietnam. Currently, Vietnam's Law on Persons with Disabilities 2010 does not recognize the term "autism" in the Law. At the same time, there is a lack of legal issues related to the "autism spectrum" from the time of diagnosis such as policies on practical support appropriate to each individual's needs and interests so that they can develop and be integrated in the medical field, education and enjoyment of other benefits such as persons with disabilities. This is an overlooked term that leads to the community having a misperception of "autism" when they are not aware that autism is a disease or a disability, what causes autism and why, etc. The article points out the current situation of adjustment by policies and laws on autistic people in Vietnam. On that basis, the article focuses on analyzing the contents that need to reform those policies and laws to ensure human rights of autistic people and their families.