Underground station passenger flow is large, the number of parcels carried by passengers is large and varied, and the parcels carried have an impact on the fire hazard and evacuation of the station. In order to determine the weights of the passenger luggage risk and environmental factor index system in the fire risk evaluation of underground stations in a more realistic way, an optimized and improved hierarchical analysis method for determining the judgement matrix is proposed, which improves the traditional nine-scaled method and adopts the three-scaled method for the four major categories of luggage, namely, handbags, rucksacks, portable power tools and trolley cases. The advantage of this method is that there is no need for consistency judgement in determining packages with a wide range of types and uncertain contents, thus simplifying the calculation. Meanwhile, the reasonableness and reliability of the method is verified by combining it with an actual metro station fire risk assessment system.

Political representation is responsible for choices regarding the supply and the management of transport infrastructure, but its decisions are sometimes in conflict with the will and the general interest expressed by citizens. This situation has progressively prompted the use of specific corrective measures in order to obtain socially sustainable decisions, such as the deliberative procedures for the appraisal of public goods. The standard Stated Choice Modelling Technique (SCMT) can be used to estimate the community appreciation for public goods such as transport infrastructure; but the application of the SCMT in its standard form would be inadequate to provide an estimation that expresses the general interest of the affected community. Hence the need to adapt the standard SCMT on the basis of the operational conditions imposed by deliberative appraisal procedures. Therefore, the general aim of the paper is to outline the basic conditions on which a modified SCMT with deliberative procedure can be set up. Firstly, the elements of the standard SCMT on which to make the necessary adjustments are identified; subsequently, modifications and additions to make to the standard technique are indicated; finally, the contents of an extensive program of experimentation are outlined.

Eco-friendly digital marketing strategies are crucial for Jordanian companies that want to meet environmental standards. This covers eco-friendly pricing, goods, and online cooperation. In contrast, customer concern and action are not connected, requiring true green marketing tactics. Jordan’s “Go Green” programme and the EU-EBRD’s Green Financing Facility show that sustainability boosts digital marketing. Eco-friendly branding goes beyond sustainable goods and strategic collaborations to support green causes. Consumer awareness is rising globally, especially in Asia-Pacific. Eco-friendly methods are being used to improve sustainability, employee wellbeing, and operational effectiveness. Email, social media, content, influencers, and SEO are effective digital marketing methods that increase customer involvement and reduce environmental impact. The environmental efforts of Patagonia, IKEA, Tesla, and Google are notable in Jordan. Jordanian economic modernization relies on sectoral strategies that integrate sustainability and diversity. The government is making headway in green projects, notably in energy, to meet Agenda 2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals. Environmentally responsible firms use content development, social media, and influencer marketing to create real stories and engage communities. Content marketing requires understanding the target audience, creating instructional resources, and effective distribution. Influencer marketing boosts brand awareness and engagement. Jordan suffers from resource limitations and the need for ongoing education, yet urbanisation and cultural growth are promising. Investments and government projects in green initiatives are enabling this change. Jordanians are increasingly buying eco-friendly items, which affects brand loyalty. Eco-friendly branding boosts customer views and brand awareness in Jordan, emphasising the significance of environmental responsibility in business.

The significant climate change the planet has faced in recent decades has prompted global leaders, policymakers, business leaders, environmentalists, academics, and scientists from around the world to unite their efforts since 1987 around sustainable development. This development not only promotes economic sustainability but also environmental, social, and corporate sustainability, where clean production, responsible consumption, and sustainable infrastructures prevail. In this context, the present article aims to propose a development framework for sustainability in food sector SMEs, which includes Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the integration of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) strategies as key elements to reduce CO₂ emissions and improve operational efficiency. The methodology includes a comparative analysis of strategies implemented between 2019 and 2023, supported by quantitative data showing a 20% reduction in operating costs, a 10% increase in market share, and a 25% increase in productivity for companies that adopted clean technologies. This study offers a significant contribution to the field of corporate sustainability, providing a model that is adaptable and applicable across different regions, enhancing innovation and business resilience in a global context that requires collective efforts to achieve the sustainable development goals.

This research delves into the intricate dynamics of ethical leadership within the context of Vietnamese Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). By scrutinizing its impact on organizational effectiveness, the study unveils a comprehensive understanding of the interconnectedness between ethical leadership, knowledge sharing, and organizational learning. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research investigates the mediating roles played by knowledge sharing and organizational learning in the relationship between ethical leadership and organizational effectiveness. Through empirical analysis and case studies, this study contributes valuable insights to the literature, offering practical implications for fostering ethical leadership practices in Vietnamese SMEs to enhance overall organizational effectiveness. The findings shed light on the nuanced mechanisms through which ethical leadership contributes to sustainable success, emphasizing the pivotal roles of knowledge sharing and organizational learning in this intricate relationship.

This research explores the critical influence of corporate culture on small and medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs) crisis response abilities under varied cross-cultural environments. Amid the disruptive backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, SMEs globally have faced unprecedented challenges. This study addresses a gap in the existing literature by conducting a cross-cultural analysis of SMEs in China, Thailand, and Germany to understand how corporate culture affects crisis management. Utilizing a competitive cultural value model, the research categorizes corporate culture into four dimensions: group culture, development culture, hierarchy culture, and rational culture. These cultural dimensions are investigated in relation to their impact on crisis response abilities. Additionally, national cultural dimensions such as individualism and uncertainty avoidance are examined as moderating variables. The findings reveal that group and development cultures positively influence crisis response abilities, enhancing organizational resilience and adaptability. Conversely, hierarchy culture negatively affects crisis management, hindering flexible response strategies. Rational culture supports structured crisis response through goal-oriented practices. National culture significantly moderates these relationships, with individualism and high uncertainty avoidance impacting the effectiveness of organizational cultural dimensions in crisis scenarios. This study offers theoretical advancements by integrating cultural dimensions with crisis response strategies and provides practical implications for SMEs striving to enhance their resilience and adaptability in a globalized business environment.