This study examines the influence of organizational learning and boundary spanner agility in the bank agent business of Indonesia’s financial inclusion. This study is based on quantitative studies of 325 bank agents in Indonesia. The results of this research strongly show that organizational learning has a significant impact on boundary spanners’ agility to achieve both financial and non-financial performance. This study presents a novel finding that organization learning with a commitment to apply and encourage learning activities and agility with improved responsiveness and resilience boundary spanners can achieve bank agent performance. Organizational learning of bank agents needs to improve commitment to apply and encourage learning activities, always be open to new ideas, and create shared vision and knowledge transfer mechanisms. Organizational agility in bank agents need also to improve the capability to be more responsive and adaptable to culture changes in a volatile environment. This research provides valuable insights to policymakers, banking supervisors, bank top management teams, and researchers on the factors that may improve the effectiveness of the agency banking business to promote financial inclusion. Participating banks in the agent banking business need to set a clear vision, scope, and priority of strategy to encourage organizational learning and agility.

Countries employ various strategies to strengthen their soft power through education, public campaigns, mandatory service, and community involvement, essential for building a well-informed, prepared, and resilient citizenry. In Indonesia, the Civic Awareness for State Defence (CASD) program is designed to instil state defence awareness among citizens. This study introduces the Indonesia State Defence Index (SDI), a novel metric grounded in theoretical constructs such as national identity, nationalism, patriotism, and national pride. Differentiating from previous indices, our SDI employs advanced methodologies including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to enhance measurement accuracy. Unlike earlier approaches that used traditional aggregation methods, our use of PCA ensures the reduction of dimensions for each state defence indicator, thereby guaranteeing that only the intended dimensions are measured. Utilising data from the State Defence Survey conducted by the Indonesian Ministry of Defence from 1 March to 26 June 2024, we aim to measure and benchmark SDI values across Indonesian regions, thereby elucidating the civic awareness profile in the context of state defence. The refined SDI provides critical insights for policymakers, highlighting regions that require focused interventions to bolster state defence preparedness.

The complex interactions of industrial Policy, structural transformation, economic growth, and competitive strategy within regional industries are examined in this research. Using a dynamic capabilities framework, the study examines the mediating roles of organizational innovation and adaptability in the link between competitiveness and macroeconomic variables. A two-way fixed effects model is used in this study to examine the influence of structural transformation (ST) on Industrial Policy (IP). Using regional data covering the years 2010 to 2022, the research undertaken in this paper explores the dynamics of the Indonesian economy by empirically assessing the consequences of structural change on industrial Policy. In order to establish a comprehensive model that clarifies the mechanisms through which industrial policies and structural shifts impact the development of dynamic capabilities, ultimately influencing competitiveness strategies, this research draws on a large amount of empirical data and integrates insights from seminal works. Our research adds to our knowledge of strategic management in regional industries by providing detailed information on how economic development and policy interventions influence businesses’ ability to adapt and gain a competitive edge. In addition to advancing scholarly discourse, this study offers business executives and politicians valuable insights for managing the intricacies of global economic processes.

This research aims to determine the strategy of the Jakarta Provincial Government in increasing the resilience and growth of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) within a collaborative governance framework post-COVID-19. This study explores the effectiveness of SMEs and facilities in accessing financing and fostering collaborative partnerships between SMEs, government agencies, and financial institutions by utilizing USAID’s Theory of Change (TOC). This research uses a qualitative approach supported by in-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussions to enrich the insights of SME stakeholders, large companies, and SME actors and assess the impact of their roles. The results of this research highlight the critical role of SME Cooperative Banks (SCB) in improving SMEs’ access to credit and financial services, including collaborative governance frameworks and partnerships between SMEs, government agencies, and banks, which were identified as necessary to improve policy coherence and encourage conducive SME business environment conditions. The main findings of this research underscore the importance of the SCB model, demonstrating its potential to improve SME resilience and economic sustainability. This SCB model enriches the TOC indicators introduced by USAID. The study identifies gaps in digital infrastructure and market access that hinder SME growth and recommends targeted interventions to address these challenges. This study shows that SCB offers a promising pathway to increase the resilience and growth of SMEs in Indonesia, especially if accompanied by effective collaborative governance strategies. These initiatives can encourage inclusive economic development and strengthen the role of SMEs as drivers of the local economy. Recommendations include expanding the SCB model to other regions, encouraging digitalization, facilitating market access, advocating for a supportive policy framework, and integrating these strategies to advance the principles of USAID’s Theory of Change, fostering sustainable SME development and economic resilience.

This article aims to analyze the form of promotion and its policies in increasing tourists in Indonesia. Ecotourism is one of the nation’s vital sectors that can improve the economy, preserve nature and introduce local culture. Sadly, today, ecotourism has yet to be discovered by the public, which cumulatively causes much damage. Therefore, The Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy is tasked with educating the public in order to create a collaborative synergy. This article uses qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The primary data sources in this study are Twitter netizens’ tweets and The Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy ‘s social media accounts. At the same time, the secondary data used in this study are articles, books, and reportage. Then the data will be analyzed through several procedures, namely, 1) data matrix, 2) data reduction, 3) coding, and 4) conclusion drawing. The results showed that the messages conveyed by The Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy regarding ecotourism were good, and the intensity was relatively high. Public conversations about ecotourism have also been substantive in accordance with ideal ecotourism. Unfortunately, the intensity of The Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy ‘s message is not accompanied by the intensity of ecotourism conversations in the community. However, the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy has issued a communication policy in promoting ecotourism in Indonesia. This aims to benefit the wider community, such as community productivity, economic improvement, and the introduction of local culture to the international community.

In the human and economic development context, this study examines the relationship between human capital, life expectancy, labor force participation rate, and education level in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. The World Bank’s 2001–2021 data are examined using a panel vector autoregressive model. The findings demonstrate the substantial influence of health expenditure from the prior period on present health expenditure. Though not significantly different, life expectancy and education levels from earlier periods also impact present health spending. A slight positive correlation exists between prior labor force involvement and present healthcare costs. An increase in current health expenditure supports an increase in life expectancy. Health expenditure in the previous period had a significant positive effect on education, although insignificant. Life expectancy in the previous period harms current education but is also insignificant. Education in the previous period significantly positively affects current education, indicating a sustained impact of education investment. Labor force participation in the previous period also positively affected education, although not significantly. The prior period’s health spending, life expectancy, and educational attainment impact the current labor force participation rate. The length of life has a significant favorable impact on entering the labor sector. Currently being in the job field has a good correlation with prior education as well. These findings support that higher education levels lead to higher labor force participation rates. Life expectancy, health care costs, education level, and prior work experience all influence current life expectancy. While prior life expectancy significantly influences current life expectancy, health expenditures have a negligible negative impact. Prior education positively impacts life expectancy but negatively impacts prior labor force engagement. These results reject the hypothesis that increasing life expectancy causes current health expenditure to increase.