Papua, one of the provinces in Indonesia, is recognized for its limited infrastructure and high poverty rates. This limitation undoubtedly emphasizes the government’s special attention toward augmenting foreign and domestic investments by expanding industrial sectors to absorb more labor, thereby aiming to enhance the region’s economic performance. The focus of the study seeks to assess the extent to which foreign and domestic investments, industrial employment, and the proliferation of industries in Papua contribute to increasing the Gross Development Product (GDP) and reducing poverty. By employing secondary data from 2016 to 2022 and utilizing the Regression Data Panel method, it encompasses 29 districts. The findings reveal that domestic investment, employment in the industrial sector, and the number of industries significantly influence poverty rates. However, as conclusion, foreign investment, surprisingly, demonstrates no substantial impact on economic performance. This unexpected result might be attributed to issues linked with the inadequate quality of financial performance, which doesn’t align with the available investment funds. Utilizing the analytical network process (ANP), the study outlines two primary strategies. The first involves prioritizing investment expansion by focusing on both domestic and foreign investments. The second strategy emphasizes industrial revitalization through augmenting the number of industries and enhancing labor participation in the industrial sector.

The quality of indoor classroom conditions influences the well-being of its occupants, students and teachers. Especially the temperature, outside acceptable limits, can increase the risk of discomfort, illness, stress behaviors and cognitive processes. Assuming the importance of this, in this quantitative observational study, we investigated the relationship between two environmental variables, temperature and humidity, and students’ basic emotions. Data were collected over four weeks in a secondary school in Spain, with environmental variables recorded every 10 minutes using a monitoring kit installed in the classroom, and students’ emotions categorized using Emotion Recognition Technology (ERT). The results suggest that high recorded temperatures and humidity levels are associated with emotional responses among students. While linear regression models indicate that temperature and humidity may influence students’ emotional experiences in the classroom, the explanatory power of these models may be limited, suggesting that other factors could contribute to the observed variability in emotions. The implications and limitations of these findings for classroom conditions and student emotional well-being are discussed. Recognizing the influence of environmental conditions and monitoring them is a step toward establishing smart classrooms.

Under the concept of independent maintenance proposed by the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) for operational equipment, a thorough analysis of its management processes is necessary. Leadership involvement at various levels can affect maintenance outcomes, impacting sustainability. This research creates a thinking model that connects responsible leadership (RL) with sustainable performance (SP) through agile organization (AO) mediation and maintenance management implementation (MMI) in the management of leading operations equipment. The method used was a survey of 366 respondents who were BMKG employees, and explanatory analysis was analyzed based on descriptive statistical analysis using SmartPLS. The research results show that the third hypothesis proposed is acceptable, and the two mediator variables are partial mediation. The discussion of the study results shows some theoretical and practical implications for achieving the goals of SP, where organizations should encourage RL behavior that can implement current practices regarding AO and MMI. The test results show that AO and MMI have a significant role as mediators in encouraging the influence of RL on SP. This study is the first step in examining the relationship of RL to SP using AO and MMI mediation. Furthermore, this model can be developed and analyzed in other sectors or fields to increase knowledge.

The pursuit of good governance by companies confronts a fundamental challenge: defining what constitutes “good governance”. Existing corporate governance codes and their implementation documents fall short of offering a clear answer to this crucial question. Despite the establishment of a reference framework years ago, the focus has shifted from defining the objectives of good governance to a consensus on the means of achieving these objectives. Unfortunately, this consensus often absolves stakeholders from providing detailed explanations. Achieving effective good governance necessitates a shift in focus towards the underlying goals of governance structures. Two potential approaches emerge in this context. While many companies rely on codes without explicitly outlining their objectives, there is a compelling case for urging or mandating them to articulate the purposes of the governance methods they employ in their reports. This level of specificity has the potential to enhance the reflective qualities of the transparency process, fostering a more comprehensive understanding of the governance landscape. Beyond merely discussing the objectives of corporate governance, the pursuit of good governance necessitates the implementation of instruments whose efficacy transcends reliance solely on market discipline. The aim is not to undermine the imperatives of transparency and justification. Instead, the intention is to recognize that these elements, while essential, do not independently ensure the effectiveness of soft law instruments, such as governance codes. Nowadays, it is crucial to assess the extent to which traditional corporate governance codes respond to the needs of companies in the era of digitalization and sustainability. Therefore, conducting a critical analysis of the existing corporate governance codes will contribute in shedding light on the gaps of these instruments to come up with recommendations for improvements. Aims and objectives: This article will focus on the following areas: Defining the role and purpose of corporate governance codes in enhancing corporate performance and accountability and discussing the challenges and limitations of corporate governance codes, including compliance issues and enforcement challenges. Presenting empirical evidence on the impact of corporate governance codes on corporate behavior and analyzing, through the principle of comply or explain, whether code adherence leads to improved corporate governance practices and financial performance. Discussing emerging trends in corporate governance and offering recommendations for improving the effectiveness of corporate governance codes.

This study delves into the nuanced impact of leadership styles on state-owned enterprises (SOEs) performance in Northeast China. It aims to discern how transformational, transactional, and authoritative leadership approaches influence organizational outcomes, framed within the context of sustainable leadership theory. Employing a quantitative methodology, the research analyzes survey data from employees across various SOEs to assess the relationship between leadership styles and company performance, including aspects such as job satisfaction, employee motivation, and operational efficiency. The findings reveal a clear dichotomy: transformational and transactional leadership styles positively correlate with improved performance metrics, fostering an environment of innovation, motivation, and job satisfaction. Conversely, authoritative leadership is shown to detrimentally affect these same metrics, potentially hindering organizational growth and employee morale. This research contributes to the broader discourse on leadership and organizational performance by highlighting the critical role of leadership style in enhancing the sustainable development of SOEs, particularly within China’s socio-political and economic fabric. Practical implications suggest a shift towards more adaptive, employee-centered leadership approaches to spur performance and sustainability in SOEs. The originality of this study lies in its specific focus on the Chinese context, offering insights into the leadership dynamics within SOEs and proposing actionable strategies for fostering leadership that align with sustainability and organizational excellence principles.

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) activities and the performance of Thai listed firms. The moderating roles of board size and CEO duality on this relationship are also assessed. The ESG score provided by LSEG (formerly Refinitiv) is chosen to measure ESG activities, both as an overall ESG combined scores and as Environment, Social, and Governance pillar scores. Multiple regression analysis is used to test the impact of ESG on firm performance while the PROCESS macro is used to test the moderating effects. Results reveal that the overall ESG combined score demonstrates no statistically significant effect on firm market-based performance. However, it shows the significant effects on firm performance for both the ESG combined score and the Environmental and Social pillar scores when moderated by board size and CEO duality; Governance pillar score exhibits no significant effect. Additionally, it is found that when the CEO operates only as the managing director and small board size and average board size are evident, higher ESG disclosure scores enhance firm performance. However, when the CEO serves as both managing director and chairman of the board of directors, and where there is a large board size, higher ESG disclosure scores diminish firm performance. This study contributes to the ESG literature and encourages companies to enhance their performance by implementing ESG combined activities with good governance policies.