Graphene, an innovative nanocarbon, has been discovered as a significant technological material. Increasing utilization of graphene has moved research towards the development of sustainable green techniques to synthesize graphene and related nanomaterials. This review article is basically designed to highlight the significant sustainability aspects of graphene. Consequently, the sustainability vision is presented for graphene and graphene nanocomposites. Environmentally sustainable production of graphene and ensuing nanomaterials has been studied. The formation of graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, and other derivatives has been synthesized using ecological carbon and green sources, green solvents, non-toxic reagents, and green routes. Furthermore, the utilization of graphene for the conversion of industrial polymers to sustainable recycled polymers has been studied. In addition, the recycled polymers have also been used to form graphene as a sustainable method. The implication of graphene in the sustainable energy systems has been investigated. Specifically, high specific capacitance and capacitance retention were observed for graphene-based supercapacitor systems. Subsequently, graphene may act as a multi-functional, high performance, green nanomaterial with low weight, low price, and environmental friendliness for sustainable engineering and green energy storage applications. However, existing challenges regarding advanced material design, processing, recyclability, and commercial scale production need to be overcome to unveil the true sustainability aspects of graphene in the environmental and energy sectors.

This study delves into the evolving landscape of smart city development in Kazakhstan, a domain gaining increasing relevance in the context of urban modernization and digital transformation. The research is anchored in the quest to understand how specific technological factors influence the formation of smart cities within the region. To this end, the study adopts a Spatial Autoregressive Model (SAR) as its core analytical tool, leveraging data on server density, cloud service usage, and electronic invoicing practices across various Kazakhstani cities. The crux of the research revolves around assessing the impact of these selected technological variables on the smart city development process. The SAR model’s application facilitates a nuanced understanding of the spatial dynamics at play, offering insights into how these factors vary in influence across different urban areas. A key finding of this investigation is the significant positive correlation between the adoption of electronic invoicing and smart city development, a result that stands in contrast to the relatively insignificant impact of server density and cloud service usage. The conclusion drawn from these findings underscores the pivotal role of digital administrative processes, particularly electronic invoicing, in driving the smart city agenda in Kazakhstan. This insight not only contributes to the academic discourse on smart cities but also holds practical implications for policymakers and urban planners. It suggests a strategic shift towards prioritizing digital administrative innovations over mere infrastructural or technological upgrades. The study’s outcomes are poised to guide future smart city initiatives in Kazakhstan and offer a reference point for similar emerging economies embarking on their smart city journeys.

In the great practice of long-term revolution, construction and reform, the red gene created and developed by the CPC is a noble belief and noble emotion that has been continuously precipitated and inherited in the blood and struggle of countless people throughout the country, and has been deeply rooted in the blood and soul of the people of the CPC. Against the backdrop of the continuous development of modern education, integrating the red gene into the daily ideological and political education work of college students requires a clear understanding of its practical significance, and establishing the basic principle of integration based on the red gene, further promoting reform and innovation in inheriting and promoting the red gene in universities, and comprehensively enhancing the ideological and political awareness of college students, Provide a strong talent force for China's socialist construction.

With the continuous development of science and technology, network technology has been applied to various fields, and the education model of universities has also made innovations with the application of network technology. In ideological and political education in universities, influenced by traditional educational models and other factors, the quality of education is uneven, and the learning effectiveness of students needs to be improved. Therefore, integrating network technology and innovating teaching methods in ideological and political education in universities is very important. Conducting online ideological and political education in universities can enhance students' interest in learning, while also helping them develop good moral qualities and providing assistance for their future development. This article focuses on the research goal of ideological and political education models in universities, exploring the importance and methods of integrating online ideological and political education in universities, hoping to provide some help for relevant universities.

Common prosperity of spiritual life is a value pursuit of human beings for a better life and a better society. Promoting common prosperity in people's spiritual life has become the internal driving force for the innovation and development of ideological and political education in the new era. In terms of value implication, ideological and political education to lead the common prosperity of spiritual life mainly provides ideological guidance, establishes value coordinates and cultivates mental tone. Its core meaning is to enrich the connotation of common prosperity of spiritual life with scientific theory, standardize the pursuit of common prosperity of spiritual life with value concepts, and clarify the realm of common prosperity of spiritual life with aesthetic consciousness. Its realization path is mainly theoretical education, cultural edification and practice.