The digital era has transformed education, making digital literacy essential for teachers to integrate technology and enhance student outcomes effectively. This study aims to examine how school culture influences teachers’ performance through their digital literacy, focusing on junior high school teachers in Malang City, East Java, Indonesia. Employing a quantitative approach, data were collected from 214 teachers out of a 457 population using questionnaires. The analysis was conducted through AMOS for Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), SPSS for descriptive statistics, and PLS-SEM for hypothesis testing. The findings reveal that school culture significantly affects teachers’ digital literacy (Ho1) and teacher performance (Ho2) with supportive and innovative environments, while rigid cultures limit creativity. Furthermore, digital literacy was found to enhance teachers’ performance (Ho3) and mediate the impact of school culture on teachers’ performance (Ho4), enhancing teachers’ effectiveness in planning, implementing, and evaluating instruction. This study highlights the critical role of school culture in shaping digital literacy and offers new insights for improving teacher practices in diverse educational settings. Moreover, the role of education policies in fostering a collaborative school culture that enhances teachers’ digital literacy and performance, leading to improved educational outcomes, plays a crucial implication.

Traditional shipping plays a crucial role in the national sea transportation system, serving inland areas, remote areas, and outer islands that are widely distributed throughout the country. However, there is still limited research on the problems of traditional shipping empowerment and its implementation. This research aims not only to analyze the obstacles encountered in empowering traditional shipping but also the implementation of the traditional shipping grant program. This study employed a quantitative descriptive approach, utilizing a likert scale, to analyze the issues that arise in the empowerment of traditional shipping. Additionally, for policy implementation analysis, the Hellmut-Wollmann policy analysis was used. The findings indicate that the most significant issues arise in the area of human resource development, such as a lack of competent teaching staff, insufficient short courses, complicated testing procedures, and the lack of crew certification. In the ex-ante stage, the variable of empowering traditional shipping transportation programs experienced the highest implementation rate. During the ongoing stage, the variable empowering traditional shipping services achieved the highest implementation score. And in the ex-post stage, traditional shipping services had the highest implementation score. This paper emphasizes the significance of collaboration and coordination among all levels of government, from the central to the local, in order to effectively implement the traditional shipping empowerment program. These findings also highlight the necessity of extending the traditional shipping grant program while making improvements in areas such as ship safety management regulations, the management and supply of traditional shipping terminals, the division of transportation types, and route determination policies.

English writing is an important output skill cultivated in college English courses. And in the age of informationization, college English writing teaching relies on the support of information technology. In order to cope with the solution of this dilemma, Production-Oriented Approach(POA) proposes Teacher-Student Collaborative Assessment (TSCA), which creates a new form of assessment. Through TSCA, teachers can not only alleviate the heavy teaching load, but also fully tap the network resources to efficiently use students' time before, during and after class to maximize and optimize the teaching effect. In this paper, the teaching concept of TSCA is used to conduct writing teaching experiments, to study and analyze the writing ability of students who write effectively, so as to provide insights for the practice of English writing teaching.

The pursuit of good governance by companies confronts a fundamental challenge: defining what constitutes “good governance”. Existing corporate governance codes and their implementation documents fall short of offering a clear answer to this crucial question. Despite the establishment of a reference framework years ago, the focus has shifted from defining the objectives of good governance to a consensus on the means of achieving these objectives. Unfortunately, this consensus often absolves stakeholders from providing detailed explanations. Achieving effective good governance necessitates a shift in focus towards the underlying goals of governance structures. Two potential approaches emerge in this context. While many companies rely on codes without explicitly outlining their objectives, there is a compelling case for urging or mandating them to articulate the purposes of the governance methods they employ in their reports. This level of specificity has the potential to enhance the reflective qualities of the transparency process, fostering a more comprehensive understanding of the governance landscape. Beyond merely discussing the objectives of corporate governance, the pursuit of good governance necessitates the implementation of instruments whose efficacy transcends reliance solely on market discipline. The aim is not to undermine the imperatives of transparency and justification. Instead, the intention is to recognize that these elements, while essential, do not independently ensure the effectiveness of soft law instruments, such as governance codes. Nowadays, it is crucial to assess the extent to which traditional corporate governance codes respond to the needs of companies in the era of digitalization and sustainability. Therefore, conducting a critical analysis of the existing corporate governance codes will contribute in shedding light on the gaps of these instruments to come up with recommendations for improvements. Aims and objectives: This article will focus on the following areas: Defining the role and purpose of corporate governance codes in enhancing corporate performance and accountability and discussing the challenges and limitations of corporate governance codes, including compliance issues and enforcement challenges. Presenting empirical evidence on the impact of corporate governance codes on corporate behavior and analyzing, through the principle of comply or explain, whether code adherence leads to improved corporate governance practices and financial performance. Discussing emerging trends in corporate governance and offering recommendations for improving the effectiveness of corporate governance codes.

The study’s goal is to evaluate how microfinance initiatives affect women’s empowerment in Bangladesh. For this study, we analyzed data on a variety of women’s empowerment-related issues, including both beneficial and detrimental elements that stand in the way of women’s empowerment. Therefore, in order to accomplish the specified goal, we choose a suitable and intentional methodology. We employ diverse data gathering approaches to examine the gathered data and achieve the primary goal of the research project. It presents the positive effects of microfinance on women, such as (1) the enhancement of women’s authority in financial affairs; and (2) the augmentation of their ability to make decisions in household; and (3) community matters following their participation in the microfinance program. This also provides an analysis of the data pertaining to the adverse effects of microfinance on women. It examines how women encounter various challenges and engage in unethical behaviors after obtaining a loan, leading to heightened levels of stress following their participation in the microfinance program. This study looks into the advantages and disadvantages of Grameen Bank’s microcredit program for women. A questionnaire gathered primary data for this study from women participating in the microfinance program in Gopalgonj. To collect information and comprehend respondent behavior, I used case study, analytical and descriptive study design. Regression analysis, correlation, and percentage are used to examine the data. The findings indicate that women’s decision-making skills have improved due to their financial stability, but they have also experienced increased life challenges and high levels of stress.

In today’s highly competitive environment, enterprises strive for competitive advantages by actively responding to changes in the network environment through digital technology. This approach fosters continuous innovation and establishes new paradigms by creating new network structures and relationships. However, research on the relationship and transmission mechanisms between digital technology and innovation performance in dynamic environments is still in its early stages, which does not fully address the demands of current social practice. Therefore, exploring the impact mechanisms of digital technology applications on enterprise innovation performance is an important research area. Based on the dynamic capability theory, this paper utilized SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 24.0 software to conduct an empirical analysis of 490 valid samples from the network perspective, exploring the pathways through which digital technology capability influences enterprise innovation performance. The results indicate that (1) digital technology capability is positively correlated with enterprise innovation performance; (2) digital technology capability is positively correlated with network responsiveness; (3) network responsiveness is positively correlated with enterprise innovation performance; (4) network responsiveness plays a mediating role in the impact of digital technology capability on enterprise innovation performance; (5) environmental dynamism positively moderates the relationship between digital technology capability and enterprise innovation performance. This paper enhances the understanding of how digital technology capability influences enterprise innovation performance in dynamic environments, offering new insights for future research. The results suggest that enterprises should focus on enhancing their digital technology capabilities, optimizing network structures, and strengthening network relationships to drive digital innovation.