This study explores the impact of Project-Based Learning (PBL) and locally sourced reading materials on improving speaking proficiency in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. The participants consist of college students aged 18 to 19 years. Forty-four participants from two groups—experimental and control—were evaluated using pre-and post-tests. The experimental group engaged with local cultural reading materials and followed a PBL framework, while the control group used standard commercial textbooks from Western publishers. The findings reveal that the experimental group demonstrated significantly improved fluency, vocabulary, and speaking confidence compared to the control group, with 37.04% showing improvement. PBL facilitated collaborative learning in real-life scenarios, reducing anxiety and fostering more significant participation in speaking tasks. In contrast, the control group showed minimal improvement, highlighting the limitations of traditional lecture-based methods. This study concludes that integrating PBL and locally relevant content into language instruction can enhance speaking proficiency, learner motivation, and engagement. The results suggest that PBL is a dynamic approach that supports developing linguistic and collaborative skills, providing a more holistic learning experience.

This study investigates the public’s perceptions of digital innovations in pharmacy, with a focus on health informatics and medication management. Despite the rapid development of these technologies, a comprehensive understanding of how various demographics perceive and interact with them is lacking hence, this research aims to bridge this gap by offering insights into public attitudes and the factors influencing the adoption of digital tools in pharmacy practice, as KSA population and healthcare professionals after Covid-19 has observed the significant potential of digital health. A cross-sectional survey involving 1132 participants was conducted, employing SPSS for data analysis to ensure precise and reliable results. The findings indicate general optimism about the potential of digital innovations to enhance healthcare outcomes but concerns about data privacy and usability significantly affect user acceptance. The researchers recommended tailored educational programs and user-centered design to facilitate the adoption of digital pharmacy innovations. Key contributions include the identification of ‘Ease of Use’ and ‘Data Security and Privacy’ as predominant factors in the adoption of digital health tools.

Tourism experiences are inherently multisensory, engaging visitors’ senses of sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch. This study addresses the gap in literature by investigating the impact of visual and auditory landscapes on tourist emotions and behaviors within coastal tourism settings, using the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) model. Data collected from tourists in Sanya, China, were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that both visualscape and soundscape significantly influence tourist emotions (pleasure and arousal) and subsequent loyalty. Pleasure and arousal mediate the relationships between environmental stimuli and tourist loyalty, emphasizing their roles as emotional bridges between the environment and behaviors. These findings highlight the importance of integrating local cultural and community elements into tourism to enhance socio-economic benefits and ensure sustainable development. By fostering a deep connection between tourists and the local environment, these sensory experiences support the preservation of cultural heritage and promote sustainable tourism practices, aligning with the goals of economic development and public policy. The study contributes to the theoretical understanding of multisensory tourism by integrating the SOR model in coastal tourism and emphasizes the roles of visual and auditory stimuli. Practically, it provides insights for tourism managers to improve tourist experiences and loyalty through careful management of sensory elements. This has implications for infrastructure development, particularly in enhancing the quality of soft infrastructure such as cultural and social systems, which are crucial for sustainable tourism and community well-being. Future research could include additional sensory dimensions and diverse destinations for a comprehensive understanding of sensory influences on tourist behaviors and emotions. This research aligns with the broader goals of the policy and development by addressing critical aspects of infrastructure and socio-economic development within the tourism sector.

Since my country entered the era of Internet economy, the scale of the software industry is gradually expanding, and programming language, as an important tool and idea for software development, is a necessary skill for every development practitioner. Among them, C language, as the basic language of computer software programming, is also an important basic course for cultivating students’ computer application ability in science and engineering majors in colleges and universities. This paper mainly studies the teaching reform of C language programming courses and proposes corresponding optimization measures, so as to lay a solid foundation for the continuous improvement of students’ learning quality of C language courses and the continuous strengthening of programming ability.