The last decades have offered new challenges to researchers worldwide through the problems our planet is facing both in the environment protection field and the need to replace fossil fuels with new environmentally friendly alternatives. Bioenergy as a form of renewable energy is an acceptable option from all points of view and biofuels due to their biological origin have the ability to satisfy the new needs of humanity. By releasing some non-polluting combustion products into the atmosphere, biofuels have already been adopted as additives in traditional liquid fuels, being intended mainly for internal combustion engines of automobiles. The current work proposes an extension of biofuels application in combustion processes specific to industrial furnaces. This technical concern is not found in the literature, except for achievements of the research team involved in this work, which has performed previous investigations. A 51.5 kW-burner was designed to operate with glycerine originating from triglycerides of plants and animals, mixed with ethanol, an alcohol produced by the chemical industry recently used as an additive in gasoline for automobile engines. Industrial oxygen was chosen as the oxidizing agent necessary for the liquid mixture combustion, allowing to obtain much higher flame temperatures compared to the usual combustion processes using air. Mixing glycerine with ethanol in 8.8 ratio allowed growing flame stability, accentuated also by creating swirl currents in the flame through the speed regime of fluids at the exit from the burner body. Results were excellent both through the flame stability and low level of polluting emissions.

This paper uses Public Choice analysis to examine the case for and experience with Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs). A PPP is a contractual platform which connects a governmental body and a private entity. The goal is to provide a public sector program, service, or asset that would normally be provided exclusively by a public sector entity. This paper focuses on PPPs in developed countries, but it also draws on studies of PPPs in developing countries. The economics literature generally defines PPPs as long-term contractual arrangements between a public authority (local or central government) and a private supplier for the delivery of services. The private sector supplier takes responsibility for building infrastructure components, securing financing of the investment, and then managing and maintaining this facility.

However, in addition to those formed through contracts, PPPs may take other forms such as those developed in response to tax subvention or coercion, as in the case of regulatory mandates. A key element of PPP is that the private partner takes on a significant portion of the risk through a schedule of specified remuneration, contingency payments, and provision for dispute resolution. PPPs typically are long-term arrangements and involve large corporations on the private side, but may also be limited to specific phases of a project.

The types of PPPs discussed in this paper exclude arrangements which may result from government mandates such as the statutory emission mandates imposed on automobile manufacturers and industrial facilities (e.g., power plants). It also excludes PPP-like organizations resulting from US section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code, which provides tax subsidies for certain public charities, scientific research organizations, and organizations whose goals are to prevent cruelty to animals or erect public monuments at no expense to the government. This paper concludes that an array of Public Choice tools are applicable to understanding the emergence, success, or failure of PPPs. Several short case studies are provided to illustrate the practicalities of PPPs. 

In the process of constructing and building the industry English curriculum system in the new era, higher education institutions should clarify the corresponding curriculum teaching focus and direction, analyze, optimize, and improve the defects and deficiencies in the English curriculum teaching system. They should also combine refined and beneficial teaching ideas and strategies, innovate existing teaching methods, and integrate more ideological and political elements into curriculum teaching, to achieve more efficient teaching guidance for students. This article briefly analyzes and explores the strategies for constructing the English course system for waterway transportation and maritime management majors at present.

This research reviews the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and technology innovation development, and analyzes the impact of technology innovation on ESG performance and its influencing mechanism. In additional, the main purpose of this study is to gain an understanding the relationships of ESG performance, CSR and technology innovation in Art industry. We found that technology innovation impact CSR of art firm, and ESG performance with the moderating variable of technology innovation has a significant and positive impact on CSR. Likewise, the study is based on primary panel data collected from 161 consumer, product and service manufacturing companies through an electronic questionnaire (Google, Microsoft online survey) with five-point Likert measurement scale. The exploratory factor analysis is proposed to be carried out using IBM SPSS 27.0 and the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA analysis) is proposed to be carried out using SmartPLS.4.0 analysis software, and this study investigate the measurement factors and the reliability of the construct items and to validate the factorial structure of the research variables. Moreover, digital technology and CSR has the potential to contribute to this impact. Based on these findings, we propose relevant ESG performance recommendations to improve technology innovation and CSR. Our findings offer an excited knowing and learning of the impact of ESG performance, CSR and technology innovation in Chinese art industry. Furthermore, this study extends stakeholders theory and Schumpeter’s Innovation Theory by proving their utility in the perspective of CSR, ESG performance.

Objectives: This study aims to examine the impact of Sun Tzu’s Art of War Five Virtues Leadership on innovation and the efficiency of the Chinese brand passenger vehicle industry, explore the role of innovation in enhancing industry efficiency, and propose strategies for leveraging the Five Virtues Leadership to improve operational performance and competitiveness in the sector. Methodology: A mixed research method using quantitative research (questionnaire survey) as the main method and qualitative research (in-depth interview) as the auxiliary method. Result: Quantitative and qualitative research results confirm the positive correlation between the Five Virtues Leadership, innovation, and the efficiency of Chinese brand passenger vehicle companies. And through effective data analysis, it explains the importance of the five virtues of leadership in traditional Chinese culture. Further understanding of the effectiveness and competitiveness of China’s passenger car brands, with leadership references. Conclusion: Five Virtues Leadership can foster a favorable environment for innovation, enhance time utilization, optimize resource allocation, and strengthen brand image. By developing and validating a measurement for Five Virtues Leadership, this study enhances the understanding of its role and significance in modern management, paving the way for future research.