The main reason for the formation of nano-biotechnology is due to the penetration of nanotechnology in the biological field, nanotechnology research center is the study of nano-drug carrier. Nano-drug system targeted drug delivery to achieve drug release, increase the insoluble drugs and peptide drug bio-efficiency, reduce the toxicity and application of drugs and other aspects of the development of good prospects, and thus become one of the key research in recent years’ field. Synthesis and application of nanometer drug carriers this review is presented in recent years and its application to provide a comprehensive basis for the treatment process. Describes the nature and preparation of nano-drug carrier methods, in recent years, people have been widely concerned by scholars. Compared with the nano-drug delivery, the general pharmaceutical cannot have to extend the role of drugs, strong efficacy, and the advantages of small drug response. Nano-materials, the specific surface area, surface activity, high catalytic efficiency, surface active center, adsorption capacity and other characteristics, which has many excellent features and new features.

With the progress of science and technology, the research and development of silver nanoparticles has also developed. This paper attempts to prepare a silver nanoparticle by electrolyzing AgNO3 solution with electrochemical reduction method and citric acid as a complexing agent in a certain current and time. The crystal morphology and sample purity of silver nanoparticles were analyzed by X-ray diffractometer. The crystal structure of the nanoparticles was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The crystal structure of the nanoparticles was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The particle size distribution of the particles was in the range of 125-199 nm, and the carbon paste electrode was modified with the prepared silver nanoparticles. The electrocatalytic activity of the carbon paste electrode was preliminarily explored.

Polymers obtained from renewable sources are gaining popularity over their petroleum based counter parts in recent years due to their capability to address the environmental pollution related concerns emanating from the widespread usage of synthetic polymers. Even though the polymers from renewable sources are attractive in an environmental point of view, some of the property limitations and the high cost of these materials pose limitations for their extensive commercial applications. These aspects opened the door for a large chunk of research activities in development of polyblends and composites containing polymers from renewable sources as one of the components. Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is one of the most discussed and commercialized polymer originated from renewable resources. Even though it has many useful properties, certain disadvantages like high brittleness, low impact resistance etc. limit the wide spread commercialization of PLA. In this review article, the recent research activities which are aimed to fill this gap by various modifications of PLA are discussed with special emphasis on the latest research advancements in the field of biodegradable and non biodegradable systems containing PLA.

Agroforestry holds the key in providing alternative economically viable livelihood development and to support mountainous farmers to adapt to climate change. Innovative agroforestry interventions integrating animal production, horticulture etc into cropping systems exist that can help farmers improve yields and build resilience for supporting livelihoods particularly among marginal communities. But, the lack of knowledge, technical know-how and other information among the farmers are major barriers in adoption of agroforestry. Millions of the farmers of mountainous regions are already wrestling with water scarcity, which would be more severe in climate change scenario. The Himalayan regions are have been considered to be highly sensitive to climate change. Indeed, Innovative agroforestry interventions have the potential to conserve natural resources, improve productivity and provide resilience to climate change. The present paper highlights the need for developing innovative agroforestry interventions to promote various alternate livelihood options through diversification, adoption of high yielding varieties and development of innovative products from forest resources.  Of these spice based agroforetry, silvi-medicinal systems, Van silk cultivation, bamboo and ringal cultivation  and development and use of farm resources based products like  bamboo based composite structures, Seabuckthorn herbal tea, Ghingaroo juice  (Crataegus crenulata) and incense products etc holds a promising potential to be explored as better options for future scenario.

This study examines conditions that impact PPP delivery success or failure in the roadways sector in India using Qualitative Comparative Analysis. QCA is well-suited for problems where multiple factors combine to create pathways leading to an outcome. Past investigations have compared PPP and non-PPP project delivery performance, but this study examines performance within PPPs by uncovering a set of conditions that combine to influence the success or failure road PPP project delivery in India. Based on data from 21 cases, pathways explaining project delivery success or failure were identified. Specifically, PPPs with high concessionaire equity investment and low regional industrial activity led to project delivery success. Projects with lower concessionaire equity investment and low reliance on toll revenue and with either: (a) high project technical complexity or (b) high regional industrial activity, led to project delivery failure. The pathways identified did not have coverage values that they were extremely strong. Coverage strength was hindered by lack of access to information on additional conditions that could be configurationally important. Further, certain characteristics of the Indian market limit generalization. Identification of combinations of conditions leading to PPP project delivery success or failure improves knowledge of the impacts of structure and characteristics of these complex arrangements. This study is one of the first to use fuzzy QCA to understand project delivery success/failure in road PPP projects. Moreover, this study takes into account factors specific to a sector and delivery mode to explain project delivery performance.