Using time series data covering the years 1980 to 2020, this study examines the effects of government spending, population growth, and economic expansion on unemployment in the context of South Africa. The study’s variables include government spending, population growth, and economic growth as independent factors, and unemployment as the dependent variable. To ascertain the study’s outcomes, basic descriptive statistics, the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), the Johansen Cointegration Procedures, the Augmented Dicky-Fuller Test (ADF), and diagnostic tests were used. Since all the variables are stationary at the first difference, the ADF results show that there isn’t a unit root issue. According to the Johansen cointegration estimation, there is a long-term relationship amongst the variables. Hence the choice of VECM to estimate the outcomes. Our results suggests that a rise in government spending will result in a rise in South Africa’s unemployment rate. The findings also suggest that there is a negative correlation between unemployment and population growth. This implies that as the overall population grows, unemployment will decline. Additionally, the findings suggest that unemployment and economic growth in South Africa are positively correlated. This contradicts a number of economic theories, including Keynesian and Okuns Law, which hold that unemployment and economic growth are inversely correlated.

Floods have always been an unavoidable natural disaster globally. Due to that, many efforts have been taken in order to alleviate the effect, especially in protecting the victims from losing their lives as well as their belongings. This study focuses on ensuring a smooth allocation process for flood victims to the relief centres considering the nature of their location, near the river, inland, and coastal. The finding indicated that a few implications have been highlighted for disaster management, such as changes in flood victim allocation patterns, classification of prone areas based on three areas, identification of most disaster areas, and others. Thus, to enhance the efficiency of allocation and to avoid any bad incidents happening during the flood occurrence, the allocation of flood victims is proposed to be started at a more critical area like the river area and followed by other areas. The finding also indicated that the proposed allocation procedure yielded a slightly lower average travel distance than the existing practice. These findings could also provide valuable information for disaster management in implementing a more efficient allocation procedure during a disaster.

This paper examines the relationship between renewable energy (RE) generation, economic factors, infrastructure, and governance quality in ASEAN countries. Based on the Fixed Effects regression model on panel data spanning the years 2002–2021, results demonstrate that domestic capital investment, foreign direct investment, governance effectiveness, and crude oil price exhibit an inverse yet significant relationship with RE generation. An increase in those factors will lead to a decline in RE generation. Meanwhile, economic growth and infrastructure have a positive relationship, which implies that these factors act as stimulants for RE generation in the region. Hence, it is advisable to prioritise policies that foster economic growth, including offering tax breaks specifically for RE projects. Additionally, it’s crucial to streamline governance processes to facilitate infrastructure conducive to RE generation, along with investing in RE infrastructure. This could be achieved by establishing one-stop centres for consolidating permitting processes, which would streamline the often-bureaucratic process. However, given the extensive time period covered, future research should examine the short-term relationship between the variables to address any potential temporal trends between the factors and RE generation.

Human resources (HR) analytics is garnering increasing interest each year and is set to play a pivotal role in the development of human resources. In the present era, numerous companies are harnessing the power of analytics to gain a competitive advantage by comprehending all the vital aspects of their workforce by enhancing employee retention through leveraging HR analytics to inform strategic HR choices. Many companies are now incorporating analytical tools into their HR function as a fact-based approach to develop relevant strategies and make informed decisions in managing their workforce more effectively. However, HR faces several challenges in implementing data analytics. Talent management commonly utilizes data analytics to enhance employee engagement, including retention rates, recruitment, job satisfaction, and happiness. This paper discusses the adoption of HR data analytics to enhance employee retention in the workplace. This study delves into the significance of HR data analytics in the realm of employee retention, aiming to assess the efficacy of data-driven decisions. A thorough examination of scholarly publications was undertaken, encompassing both indexed and non-indexed papers sourced from reputable electronic databases to gain insights into the present understanding of HR analytics and its influence on employee retention. The discussion uncovers that HR analytics has a noteworthy impact on improving employee retention in the workplace.

Integrating Education 4.0 in higher education necessitates a transformational leadership approach that champions innovation and technology adoption. This paper reviews the impact of transformational leadership in fostering a conducive environment for Education 4.0, emphasising personalised and technology-enhanced learning experiences. With their vision and motivational prowess, transformational leaders are crucial in steering educational institutions through digital transformation, encouraging the adoption of advanced technologies like artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and data analytics. These leaders are pivotal in nurturing a culture of continuous improvement and empowerment, actively involving team members in pursuing collective achievements and personal growth. The study highlights the importance of transformational leadership in addressing the dynamic challenges and opportunities presented by Education 4.0. By inspiring educators and students to embrace change, transformational leaders facilitate the integration of innovative teaching methods and technologies, enhancing learning outcomes and preparing students for the demands of the digital age. The findings suggest that transformational leadership is instrumental in creating a flexible, relevant, and forward-thinking educational environment that aligns with the objectives of Education 4.0. This paper advocates strategically emphasising the development of transformational leaders within academic institutions. Such leadership is essential for navigating the complexities of digital-area education, ensuring institutions remain adaptive and responsive to technological advancements, and equipping students with the necessary skills to thrive in a rapidly evolving landscape.