The projects of the IT industry are considered successful when they are completed within the timeline, budget, and client satisfaction on a specific project. Although client relationship is not given much importance in the delay of a project, through several studies it has been seen that the project is delayed in the IT industry due to a lack of awareness about the project to the client. The objective of this study is to inspect the impact of client relationships on project delay. Drawing on stakeholder theory and agency theory, this study investigates how client relationship influences project delay through project awareness and the role of project governance as moderator. A deductive approach of reasoning was used to test the hypotheses formulated under the current research work and proceed by using the quantitative method. This study employed a cross-sectional research design, where data was collected at a specific point in time through a survey strategy. Data was collected from the sample of 288 respondents from the IT companies of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The data was collected using a convenience sampling technique. The demographics of the respondents were analyzed through the IBM-SPSS software program. The assumptions and the reliability of the model were also tested in SPSS. In this study, it was discovered that effective management of client relationships significantly reduces project delays, with project awareness being a crucial factor in this mitigation process. The results revealed that client relationship was negatively associated with project delay and project awareness. Whereas this linkage was mediated by project awareness. This study concludes that adequate project awareness and fruitful project governance reduce project delays and lead to positive client relationships.

This study aims to develop and validate a strategic model tailored to the unique challenges and contexts faced by micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in Ecuador, enhancing their operational efficiency and access to financing. Employing a quantitative approach, the research utilized a non-experimental, cross-sectional design to gather data from a sample of 358 companies. The study revealed that MSMEs are significantly hindered by limited access to financing, lack of managerial skills, and technological gaps. Despite these challenges, MSMEs demonstrated considerable adaptability and resilience, underscoring their critical role in the local economy. The strategic model proposed leverages Porter’s Diamond Model to identify and address the specific competitive and operational challenges encountered by these enterprises. Key findings include the necessity for enhanced financial literacy, simplified regulatory frameworks, and the integration of digital technologies to improve competitiveness. The proposed model focuses on strategic training, fostering innovation, and creating a more supportive financing environment. The implications of this study are profound, suggesting that policymakers and practitioners should streamline regulatory processes, enhance financial and technological support frameworks, and provide tailored training programs. These strategies are intended to bolster the sustainability and growth of MSMEs, contributing to broader economic development. This research contributes to the academic literature by providing empirical evidence on the challenges faced by MSMEs in developing economies and proposing a contextually adapted strategic model to mitigate these challenges, thereby enhancing their economic impact and sustainability.

Effective harvesting strategies are crucial for maximizing annual catch and ensuring the sustainability of lobster (Homarus americanus) farming. This paper presents a nonlinear objective programming model to optimize harvesting intensity based on lobster life cycle dynamics and harvesting characteristics. We model the population dynamics of 1-4 year-old lobsters using differential equations to account for natural mortality, spawning, and harvesting effects. Solving the model with LINGO 12.0, we determine that the optimal harvesting intensity coefficient is 17.36, which maximizes annual catch to 3.88 × 10¹⁰ grams. Results indicate that maintaining harvesting intensity around this optimal value balances economic benefits and population stability, ensuring sustainable farm operations.

This article examines the factors influencing sustainable entrepreneurship (SE) in Arab countries, focusing on economic, social, and technological dimensions. Using data from various sources and structural equation modeling, the study explores the relationships between these factors and SE sustainability. The findings reveal that economic factors, such as GDP per capita and foreign direct investment (FDI), positively influence SE sustainability, emphasizing the need for a conducive economic environment. Social factors, measured by Internet usage and the Human Development Index (HDI), also significantly impact SE sustainability, highlighting the importance of access to information and education. However, technological factors like patent applications and high-tech exports did not show a significant positive relationship with SE sustainability, suggesting a minimal direct impact on SE longevity in Arab countries. These insights have implications for policymakers, stressing the importance of fostering economic growth and enhancing social infrastructure to support sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystems. Despite its robust methodology, the study has limitations, such as incomplete data for certain countries, affecting the generalizability of the findings. Future research could explore additional factors influencing SE sustainability, further investigate the role of technology, and expand the geographical scope to include more Arab countries.

This article investigates how green logistics influences Vietnam’s trade balance with Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries. By using the gravity model, the article applies fixed effects (FEM) and random effects (REM) to analyze panel data on trade balance, GDP, population, trade openness, and the green logistics index of Vietnam with ASEAN countries from 2012 to 2018. The research findings indicate that green logistics has not significantly affected Vietnam’s export trade balance with ASEAN countries. The article suggests solutions for the Vietnamese government and export businesses to enhance Vietnam’s trade balance with ASEAN countries by integrating green logistics activities. By following these recommendations, Vietnam can ensure that international trade aligns with environmental conservation, laying the groundwork for sustainable and inclusive economic development in Vietnam.

Building upon the cognition-affect-behavior model, this research aims to investigate the effect of greenwashing on consumers purchase intentions by testing the mediating effect of perceived betrayal and the moderating effect of brand loyalty. Data was collected through a questionnaire from 339 Chinese consumers involved in the fashion industry. AMOS 24 was employed to test the fitness of the proposed model, and the proposed hypotheses were tested through hierarchical regression analysis using SPSS 23. The results indicate that greenwashing has a negative impact on consumer purchase intentions, with perceived betrayal partially mediating this relationship. Additionally, the findings show that brand loyalty can mitigate the adverse effects of greenwashing on consumer purchase intentions. The findings of this study enhance the existing knowledge on the relationship between greenwashing and consumer purchase intentions, particularly in the fashion industry, and have significant practical implications for companies in this sector aiming to increase consumer purchase intentions.