Background: Kangyang tourism, a wellness tourism niche in China, integrates health preservation with tourism through natural and cultural resources. Despite a growing interest in Kangyang tourism, the factors driving tourist loyalty in this sector are underexplored. Methods: Using a sample of 413 tourists, this study employed Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM) to examine the influence of destination image, service quality, tourist satisfaction, and affective commitment on tourist loyalty. Results: The findings reveal that destination image and service quality positively affect tourist satisfaction, affective commitment, and loyalty. Tourist satisfaction and affective commitment are identified as critical drivers of tourist loyalty. Notably, affective commitment plays a stronger role in fostering loyalty compared to satisfaction. Conclusion: These results highlight the importance of a positive destination image and high service quality in enhancing tourist loyalty through increased emotional and psychological attachment. The findings inform strategies for stakeholders to improve Kangyang tourism’s growth by focusing on emotionally engaging experiences and service excellence.

Institutional thinking, a concept that underscores the importance of internal perspectives and the enduring purposes of institutions, plays a critical role in maintaining societal stability and ethical governance. This paper explores the dual nature of institutional thinking, highlighting its positive aspects and inherent dangers. Through an examination of economic, political, and philosophical forces, the paper identifies modern challenges that undermine long-term commitments and ethical values within institutions. By drawing on historical and contemporary examples, including slavery, Nazism, and discriminatory practices, the discussion provides a comprehensive understanding of how institutional thinking can both promote human well-being and perpetuate systemic issues. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need to reaffirm institutional values, promote long-term thinking, and balance individual rights with collective responsibilities to harness the positive aspects of institutional thinking while mitigating its risks.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between transformational leadership variables and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) variables, investigate the relationship between job satisfaction variables and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), and investigate the relationship between organizational commitment variables and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). This research method uses quantitative methods. In this study, the researchers used a simple random sampling technique with a sample size of 368 SMEs employee. The data collection method for this research is by distributing an online questionnaire designed using a Likert scale of 1 to 7. The data analysis technique uses Partial Least Square—Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and data analysis tools use SmartPLS software version 3.0. The stages of data analysis are validity testing, reliability testing and hypothesis testing. The independent variables in this research are transformational leadership, job satisfaction and organizational commitment, while the dependent variable is organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). The results of this research are that transformational leadership has a positive influence on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), Job Satisfaction has a positive influence on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and organizational commitment has a positive influence on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). The theoretical implications of this research support the results of previous research that transformational leadership, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment make a positive contribution to increasing organizational citizenship behavior in SME employees. The practical implication of this research is that SME owners apply transformational leadership, create work breadth and create organizational commitment within the SME organization to support increasing employee organizational citizenship behavior so that it can encourage increased performance and competitiveness of SMEs.

In the rapidly expanding Chinese high-tech industry, high employee turnover poses a significant challenge. This study employs a mixed-methods approach to explore the association between transformational leadership and turnover intentions, utilizing both survey responses and detailed interviews. Findings from this investigation demonstrate a strong negative correlation between transformational leadership and turnover intentions. Increased job satisfaction and organizational commitment, crucial factors for employee retention, mediate this relationship. The study underscores the strategic significance for high-tech enterprises in China to nurture transformational leadership as a means to mitigate turnover, thereby fostering a more engaged and dedicated workforce, and sustaining a competitive advantage in this dynamic industry.

Empirical evidence suggests that generational cohorts display behavioral differences due to rapid advancements in science and technology and enhanced living standards. However, systematic studies examining the behaviours of different generations and their impact on creativity and its various antecedents are scant. This study was undertaken to bridge this gap in the literature by focusing on how generational differences could impact a few behavioural antecedents and employee creativity. The antecedent behaviours examined include self-efficacy, organizational commitment, employee empowerment, and work engagement. Data for the study was collected online using structured, standardized questionnaires. Data were collected from 432 samples and analyzed using Smart-PLS. The results show that most of the proposed antecedents impacted creativity. However, generational differences did not moderate the relationship between the antecedents and creativity. The study will interest scholars and social scientists, as it is the first to be conducted in Saudi Arabia. The study also discusses the implications and limitations. It is expected that the findings of this study will trigger more studies.