Agriculture is a determining factor regarding the development of the Romanian economy, noting its importance for population consumption and as a supplier of raw materials for the relaunch of other industries. Agricultural financing consists of credits granted to natural or legal persons for developing agricultural activities, expanding agricultural holdings, and commercializing agricultural production. The objective of this research is the statistical analysis of the determining factors in granting loans to Romanian farms. The study is based on the content analysis of the accounting reports of the 45 Romanian farms included in the research sample, based on which the profile of the farmer from the selected counties (Alba, Cluj, Mures, Sibiu, Dambovita and Prahova) is outlined. The obtained results highlight the fact that factors such as the requested amount (SUSO) are directly influenced by the worked area (TELU), by the turnover (CIAF), R = 0.6228, but also by the total value of the assets (TOTAL) R = 0.454. At the opposite pole, there is a weak correlation between SUSO and current liquidity (LICU), R = 0.2754, and the value of recorded expenses (CHEL), R = 0.3102. Implementing a credit policy that facilitates access to financing sources would support farms in modernization and development, increasing their competitiveness and general viability.

In the process of constructing and building the industry English curriculum system in the new era, higher education institutions should clarify the corresponding curriculum teaching focus and direction, analyze, optimize, and improve the defects and deficiencies in the English curriculum teaching system. They should also combine refined and beneficial teaching ideas and strategies, innovate existing teaching methods, and integrate more ideological and political elements into curriculum teaching, to achieve more efficient teaching guidance for students. This article briefly analyzes and explores the strategies for constructing the English course system for waterway transportation and maritime management majors at present.

Africa has an extensive and varied cultural history that includes works of art, music, literature, customs, and historical locations. These cultural resources are essential for creating identities, promoting social cohesiveness, and advancing economic development. However, for these institutions to have the greatest impact on the world and contribute to sustainable development, they must be managed and engaged effectively. Exploring the management of cultural institutions in Africa and their potential for global impact and sustainable development is the goal of this research study. The study relies on the extensive review of available literature, case studies, and in-depth interviews with key informants, and data obtained, subjected to content and thematic analyses. It aims to uncover flexible management techniques that can improve the global reach and sustainable development of African cultural institutions by examining successful models and cutting-edge approaches. The results of this study will help those responsible for administering Africa’s cultural institutions to formulate practical guidelines and policy recommendations. Africa can further establish its cultural identity, advance cultural diplomacy, and utilize its cultural capital to propel social and economic advancement by utilizing the potential of these institutions for global impact and sustainable development.

The objective of this paper is to assess the influence of various types of crises, including the Subprime, COVID-19, and political crises, on corporate governance attributes, regulations, and the association with bank risk. The consecutive occurrences of crises have significantly impacted the global economy, causing substantial disruptions across various facets of the international banking system. Our hypothesis posits that these crises not only influence governance characteristics and regulations but also impact their correlation with the risk and financial distress experienced by banks. Our study is conducted within the Tunisian context spanning from 2000 to 2021, utilizing a GMM regression on a dataset comprising 221 bank-year observations. Our findings indicate that crises have a discernible effect on the relationship between corporate governance and bank risk, as well as between regulation and bank risk. Our results are strong in a range of sensitivity checks, including the use of alternative proxies to measure the bank risks and corporate governance metrics.

The significance of remittances to the Vietnamese economy necessitates investigating how they affect the value of the Vietnamese currency and other macroeconomic factors. Macroeconomic articles struggle to discover their impact on economic development, but measured remittances by migrant workers have recently soared. There is no academic study that has examined this phenomenon in Vietnam. This study uses wavelet frameworks to analyze the lead-lag nexus between exchange rates, remittances, and economic growth in Vietnam in time-frequency domains from 1995 to 2020. Overall, we find that: (i) remittances enhance economic growth in the short and medium run; (ii) exchange rates boost remittances in the short and medium run; (iii) exchange rates promote GDP in all frequency and time domains. Moreover, the partial wavelet coherence and multiple wavelet coherence frameworks also offered evidence supporting the wavelet coherence approach. More importantly, the outcomes of wavelet-based Granger causality unveil that there is two-way causality between the selected indicators, which means that all the indicators can predict each other at different frequencies. Our empirical results provide meaningful information for market participants and policymakers.