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Sept 2, 2024

Patronage and low competency of members as causes of weak implementation of the functions of the village consultative body in realizing a self-governing community

Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages mandates the Village Consultative Body (BPD) as a partner of the village government in empowering village communities to achieve self-governing communities. Referring to the Village Development Index (IDM) in Malang Regency, even though there are no villages classified as very underdeveloped or underdeveloped, there are still more than 61.6% (233 villages) classified as developing, while there are 33.1% (125 villages) classified as developed, and 5.3% (20 villages) are classified as independent. Departing from this phenomenon, this research aims to describe how the BPD functions are implemented in villages classified as developing in Malang Regency under the mandate of Law No. 6 of 2014. Using a qualitative approach, research data collection was carried out using depth-interview and focus group discussion (FGD) techniques. Data analysis uses the stages proposed by Cresswell. The research results indicate that the implementation of the functions and roles of BPD in the research object villages is less effective. Patronage and the low competence and capacity of the average BPD members, as a result of a less focused election process, minimal education, training, and technical guidance, and a very inadequate development budget, are the causes of the ineffective implementation of the roles and functions of BPD members. The ineffective function of the BPD breaks hopes for increased democratization and participation of village communities in efforts to achieve a self-governing community in Malang Regency.

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Dec 25, 2024

Water quality and palm oil mill effluents—Analysis of the effect of palm oil mill effluents (POME) on consumption of bore-hole water in Nigeria

Nigeria’s palm oil processing industry poses significant environmental pollution risks, jeopardizing the country’s ability to meet the UN’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. Traditional processing methods generate palm oil mill effluent (POME), contaminating soil and shallow wells. This study investigated water samples from five locations (Edo, Akwa-Ibom, Cross River, Delta, and Imo states) with high effluent release. While some parameters met international and national standards (WHO guidelines, ASCE, NIS, and NSDWQ) others exceeded acceptable limits, detrimental to improved water quality. Results showed, pH values within acceptable ranges (6.5–8.5), high total conductivity and salinity (800–1150 µS/cm), acceptable hardness values (200–300 mg/L), nitrite concentrations (10–45 mg/L), excessive magnesium absorption (> 50 mg/L), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) indicating significant pollution (75–290 mg/L), total dissolved solids (TDS) exceeding safe limits in four locations, total solids (TS) exceeding allowable limits for drinking water (310–845 mg/L), water quality index (WQI) values ranged from “poor” to “very poor”. POME contamination by metals like magnesium, nitrite, chloride, and sodium compromised shallow well water quality. Correlation analysis confirmed robust results, indicating strong positive correlations between conductivity and TDS (r = 0.85, p < 0.01) and pH and total hardness (r = 0.65, p < 0.05). The study emphasizes the need for environmentally friendly palm oil processing methods to mitigate pollution, ensure safe drinking water, and achieve Nigeria’s SDGs. Implementation of sustainable practices is crucial to protect public health and the environment.

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145

Mar 6, 2024

A Peek at Guo Xi’s “The Way of the Body” in the Northern Song Dynasty--Taking “Linquan Gaozhi” as an Example

Landscape painting is deeply influenced by traditional Chinese Taoism, and traditional culture gives it an inner spirit. The ancient saying: “Looking at a mountain is a mountain, looking at a mountain is not a mountain, looking at a mountain is still a mountain” reflects the ancient people’s deep thoughts about nature. Reveal the connection between the traditional body Tao and the aesthetic connotation of landscape painting, express the “Tao” of nature and the “Tao” of the painter’s creation through landscape painting, and summarise the relationship between the “body Tao” and landscape painting with physical experience. The relationship between “body Tao” and landscape painting is summarised by physical experience. Taking Guo Xi’s landscape paintings of the Northern Song Dynasty as an example, we analyse in depth the traditional Taoist theory of “the Way of the Body”, whose creative techniques and theories are recorded in “Linquan Gaozhi”, which originated from real landscape experiences and had a profound impact on ancient Chinese landscape paintings. By studying the idea of “Body Tao”, we can better understand and pass on the excellent traditional Chinese culture.

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143

Oct 27, 2019

Effect of sole and combined application of cocoa pod husk ash and cocoa pod husk powder on growth and yield of radish (Raphanus sativus)

This study was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of Landmark University, Omu-Aran. Treatments consisted of 3 levels of cocoa pod husk ash (0, 2 and 4 tonnes CPHA ha^-1), 3 levels of cocoa pod husk powder (0, 2 and 4 tonnes CPHP ha^-1), NPK and the control. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated four times. The following parameters were taken plant height, number of leaves (at 2, 3, and 4 weeks after sowing), total plant weight, root weight, leaf weight, roots girth and roots length. Data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Using S.A.S, 2000. Treatment means were compared using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 0.05 level of probability. Results showed that chemical analysis of cocoa pod ash and powder contained plant nutrients as N, P, K, Ca, Mg and some other micronutrients in varying proportions. Application of CPHA 4 + CPHP 2 gave higher values for all the vegetative parameters. The implication of this study is that high level of cocoa pod husk powder in combination with high level of cocoa pod husk ash is detrimental to radish cultivation. In the same vein, the nutrition of radish was incomplete when NPK fertilizer was applied. It can therefore be recommended that the use of combined application of cocoa pod ash and cocoa pod powder at CPHA4 + CPHP2 was sufficient for the cultivation of radish (Raphanus sativus) in the study area as it compete favorably with application of NPK fertilizer.

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Mar 6, 2024

Group Patterns, Differential Patterns, and Home-State Connections--Family-State Relationships from the Principles of the Philosophy of Law and One Book and One Body

The group pattern and differential pattern as describing the Chinese and Western societies not only reflect the differences in the social structure of China and the West, but also show the differences in the Chinese and Western home-state associations to a certain extent. Based on Hegel’s Principles of the Philosophy of Law and Zhou Feizhou’s One Book and One Body, this paper tries to find out where the differences between Chinese and German family-state associations lie. Based on the two discussions, the author believes that the differences between the two home-state associations lie in the different importance of the home, the different intermediate links in the transition from home to state, and the different political ethics. With the development of modern society, the community is in the process of continuous downgrading, while the Chinese family-state unity still has a certain vitality and vigor also shows that the Chinese and Western communities do not need to be destined. The social structure of modern Germany shows an obvious group pattern, and under the group pattern, the family-state connection in Germany lacks the intermediate link of transition from family to civil society. This is where the difference between the two countries lies.

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134

Mar 25, 2024

Response of cucumber cultivars to organomineral fertilizer rate in rainforest savannah

Organomineral fertilizer is used to improve and ameliorate the supply of nutrients in soils. Right and adequate application of fertilizers are determinants of its nutrient supply efficiency, which in turn enhances the vegetative growth and yield of cucumber. Field experiments were conducted at the Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria, to assess the effects of variety and rate of organomineral fertilizer on cucumber growth and yield. Trials were conducted from June to August 2019 and repeated from September to November 2019. The cultivars were Poinsett, Greengo, and Monalisa. The rates of organomineral fertilizer were 0, 2.5, or 5.0 tons. ha⁻¹. The treatments were replicated three times. Cucumber vegetative characters, yield, and yield components were studied. ‘Greengo’ produced the most leaves, followed by ‘Monalisa’; ‘Poinsett’ produced the least. Application of 5.0 tons. ha⁻¹ organomineral fertilizer produced the longest vines and fruits. ‘Greengo’ had the earliest days to 50% flowering, followed by ‘Monalisa’; ‘Poinsett’ had the most days to 50% flowering. Plants treated with an application of 5.0 tons. ha⁻¹ organomineral fertilizer attained 50% flowering in 29 days, but in 30 days with an application of 2.5 tons. ha⁻¹ organomineral fertilizer; the control treatment attained 50% flowering in 33 days. Application of 5.0 tons. ha⁻¹ organomineral fertilizer produced the longest fruits, thicker fruit diameter, and highest fruit yield compared with 2.5 and 0 tons. ha⁻¹ of organomineral fertilizer treatments. The Greengo variety with application of 5.0 tons. ha⁻¹ of organomineral fertilizer is recommended for optimum growth and yield in south western Nigeria.

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