An investigation is conducted into how radiation affects the non-Newtonian second-grade fluid in double-diffusive convection over a stretching sheet. When fluid is flowing through a porous material, the Lorentz force and viscous dissipation are also taken into account. The flow equations are coupled partial differential equations that can be solved by MATLAB’s built-in bvp4c algorithm after being transformed into ODEs using appropriate similarity transformations. Utilizing graphs and tables, the impact of a flow parameter on a fluid is displayed. On velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles, the effects of the magnetic field, Eckert number, and Schmidt number have been visually represented. Calculate their inaccuracy by comparing the Nusselt number and Sherwood number values to those from earlier investigations.

The optimized methodology and results of the new characterization in terms of dose and image quality of the X-ray system used in the main pediatric hemodynamics service in Chile are presented. In addition, scattered dose rate values at the operator’s eye level are reported for all acquisition modes available in different thicknesses of absorbent media and angiography. The characterization was performed according to the European DIMOND and SENTINEL protocols adapted to pediatric procedures. The air kerma at the entrance surface (ESAK) was measured and the image quality parameters signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and a figure of merit (FOM) were calculated. The scattered dose rate was measured in personal dose equivalent units. The ESAK for fluoroscopic modes ranged from 0.2 to 35.6 μGy/image when passing from 4 to 20 cm of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). For the cine mode, these values ranged from 2.8 to 160.1 μGy/image. The values of the image quality parameters showed a correct system configuration, although abnormal values were observed in the medium fluoroscopic mode. As for the scattered dose rate at the level of the cardiologist’s eyes, the highest value is PMMA with a thickness of 20 cm, where the cine mode reached 9.41 mSv·h-1. The differences found from previous evaluations can be explained by the deterioration of the system and the change of one of the X-ray tubes.

The content of flavonoids in mesophyll cells of wheat was studied under the condition of enhanced UV-B radiation intensity. In this experiment, four groups of six days of control were treated with He-Ne laser group (L), enhanced UV-B radiation group (B), He-Ne laser and UV-B combined treatment group (B + L ), Normal light group (CK). Since the flavonoids carry some unsubstituted hydroxyl or glycosyl groups, it is a polar compound. By the 'similar compatibility' principle, they have some level of solubility in polar solvents, such as methanol, ethanol, n-butanol, propanol, and water. In this experiment, 70% ethanol was used to extract flavonoids. Finally, the total content of flavonoids in mesophyll cells was determined by visible spectrophotometry. The OD value of flavonoids was determined by rutin reagent 'The standard curves because rutin is a representative of flavonoids, it scavenging the role of free radicals significantly. The results showed that when the UV-B UV radiation intensity was enhanced, the content of flavonoids in wheat mesophyll cells increased, that is, the content of flavonoids in wheat leaves was higher than that in UV-B Strength was positively correlated. The results showed that the content of flavonoids in the mesophyll cells of the four control groups was the same as that of the B group> BL group> CK group> L group. With the prolonging of the treatment time of wheat, the content of flavonoids in wheat leaves at jointing-booting stage was significantly higher than that in seedling stage and panicle stage. This means that flavonoids are a protective substance that absorbs UV-B in plants, that is, the absorption of UV-B by flavonoids reduces the damage of UV-B to organs in plants [8] [10]; UV-B The smaller the damage, the less the content of flavonoids; laser damage caused by UV-B have a certain role in the repair. In this study, we further studied the effect of enhanced UV-B radiation on the content of flavonoids in mesophyll cells of wheat. The effects of UV-B radiation on the content of flavonoids in wheat were studied. Whether it has a very important significance for wheat has become a stress [5].

The current study provides a comprehensive analysis of MHD hybrid nanofluids and stagnation point flow toward a porous stretched cylinder in the presence of thermal radiation. Here, alumina (Al₂O₃) and copper (Cu) are considered the hybrid nanoparticles, while water (H₂O) is the base fluid. To begin, the required similarity transformations are applied to transform the nonlinear coupled PDEs into nonlinear coupled ODEs. The obtained highly nonlinear sets of ODEs are then solved analytically by using the HAM procedure. The calculations of the thermal radiation term in the energy equation are done based on the Roseland approximation. The result of various embedded variables on temperature and velocity profiles is drawn and explained briefly. Aside from that, the numerical solution of well-known physical quantities, like skin friction and the Nusselt number, is computed by means of tables for the modification of the relevant parameter. The analysis shows that the magnetic field has opposite behavior on θ(η) and f'(η) profiles. It is seen that more magnetic factors M decline f'(η) and upsurge θ(η). Moreover, the behavior of skin friction and the Nusselt number are the same for the magnetic parameter M. Meanwhile, a higher Reynolds number R_e declines temperature profile and skin friction while upsurging the local Nusselt number. There are many applications of this study that are not limited to engineering and manufacturing, such as polymer industry, crystal growth, tumor therapy, plasma, fusing metal in electric heaters, nuclear reactors, asthma treatment, gastric medication, cooling of atomic systems, electrolytic biomedicine, helical coil heat exchangers, axial fan design, polymer industry, plane counter jets, and solar collectors.

Definitive diagnosis of Craniosynostosis (CS) with computed tomography (CT) is readily available, however, exposure to ionizing radiation is often a hard stop for parents and practitioners. Lowering head CT radiation exposure helps mitigate risks and improves diagnostic utilization. The purpose of the study is to quantify radiation exposure from head CT in patients with CS using a ‘new’ (ultra-low dose) protocol; compare prior standard CT protocol; summarize published reports on cumulative radiation doses from pediatric head CT scans utilizing other low-dose protocols. A retrospective study was conducted on patients undergoing surgical correction of CS, aged less than 2 years, between August 2014 and February 2022. Cumulative effective dose (CED) in mSv was calculated, descriptive statistics were performed, and mean ± SD was reported. A literature search was conducted describing cumulative radiation exposure from head CT in pediatric patients and analyzed for ionizing radiation measurements. Forty-four patients met inclusion criteria: 17 females and 27 males. Patients who obtained head CT using the ‘New’ protocol resulted in lower CED exposure of 0.32 mSv ± 0.07 compared to the prior standard protocol at 5.25 mSv ± 2.79 (p < 0.0001). Five studies specifically investigated the reduction of ionizing radiation from CT scans in patients with CS via the utilization of low-dose CT protocols. These studies displayed overall CED values ranging from 0.015 mSv to 0.77 mSv. Our new CT protocol resulted in 94% reduction of ionizing radiation. Ultra-low dose CT protocols provide similar diagnostic data without loss of bone differentiation in CS and can be easily incorporated into the workflow of a children’s hospital.