This study was designed to study the push and pull motivational factors affecting the foreign backpackers travel behavior towards Full Moon Party in Koh Phangan District, Surat Thani Province. In the sample 300 foreign backpackers aged 18 or older were included, who came to attend the Full Moon Party solely for vacation purposes and not for any work or income generating activities. The study was executed using a structured questionnaire. The statistical tools for the analysis of the data included, but were not limited to, frequency counts, computed percentages, means, standard deviations, chi-square analysis, one- way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation at the 0.05 level of significance. The research demonstrated that with respect to the first-time foreign visitors in Thailand to attend the Full Moon Party, then, they have habitually stayed at the resorts and the bungalows. It was a general observation that such visitors preferred to seek out information on the Internet, social websites as well as tourism websites. Their activities included horse riding, general activities, seeing natural sights including waterfalls and mountains, going for mountain hikes, participating in physically hard and risky outdoors activities, and nighttime activities. Tourists are sufficiently motivated to visit Thailand for its various appealing attributes, as revealed by the analysis. Furthermore, 10 motivational components were identified with 24 variables; Push Motivation Components: (1) Escape and Novelty Seeking, (2) Feel Free, (3) Open the World, and (4) Social Need. Pull Motivation Components: (1) Party, (2) Unique, (3) Only for Myself, (4) Sea Lover, (5) Diversity, and (6) Loner. Demographic characteristics for example gender, age, marital status, education level, occupation, and place of residence were also studied. The push factors, as well as the pull factors of travel, were found to co-relate with the behavior of female foreign backpackers on the other hand where both were significant.

The research aimed to: 1) analyze components and indicators of digital transformation leadership among school administrators, 2) assess their leadership needs, and 3) develop mechanism models to promote this leadership. A mixed-method approach was applied, involving three sample groups: 8 experts, 406 administrators, and 7 experts. Data collection tools included semi-structured interviews, leadership scales, needs assessments, and focus group discussions, with analysis performed through construct validity testing, needs assessment, and content analysis. The findings revealed: 1) The components and indicators of digital transformation leadership showed structural validity, as confirmed by the model’s alignment with empirical data (Chi-Square = 82.3, df = 65, p = 0.072, CFI = 0.998, TLI = 0.997, RMR = 0.00965, RMSEA = 0.0256). 2) Among the leadership components, “innovative knowledge” ranked highest in need (PNImodified = 0.075), followed by “ideological influence” (0.066), “consideration of individuality” (0.055), “intellectual stimulation” (0.052), and “inspiration” (0.053). 3) Mechanism models for promoting leadership emphasized enhancing these five components to strengthen administrators’ skills in applying technology, managing teaching and development plans, and fostering innovation. Administrators were encouraged to tailor strategies to individual needs, inspire personnel, and create a commitment to organizational change and development. These mechanisms aim to equip administrators to effectively lead transformations, motivate staff, and drive educational institutions to adapt and thrive in evolving environments.

This inquiry endeavors to meticulously examine the intricate dynamics of the symbiotic developmental interplay among the gaming, tourism, and economic sectors in Macau. Utilizing the methodology of deviation standardization, the data undergoes scrupulous processing, invoking the entropy method to ascertain the weights of diverse evaluative indices. The developmental trajectories of Macau’s gaming, tourism, and economic domains spanning the years 2011 to 2021 are fastidiously gauged. Subsequently, a sophisticated coupled coordination model is employed to delve into the nuanced systemic interdependencies characterizing their developmental relationships. From 2011 to 2021, the holistic progression of Macao’s gaming and tourism sectors has exhibited a discernible ascent over the temporal continuum. Concurrently, the degree of coupling coordination has advanced from a state of near coordination to a commendable level of synchronized development. The overarching system of Macau’s gaming and tourism industries has transitioned from a state of disarray to one of ordered harmony, with the correlative impact of Macau’s tourism sector being adeptly realized. The supporting role played by Macau’s gaming industry in fortifying the tourism sector is conspicuously manifest. The alignment and coordination between Macau’s gaming and tourism sectors exhibit fluctuations across distinct developmental stages. During phases of nascent development in both the gaming and tourism domains, a palpable imbalance prevails. Elements such as the proliferation of gaming enterprises, international tourism revenue, aggregate output value of gaming establishments, market share held by gaming enterprises, and the profit margins thereof have, to a certain extent, impinged upon the harmonized evolution of the tripartite subsystems. This study proffers recommendations to foster the optimization and elevation of the industrial structure while championing the integration and advancement of diverse sectors. It advocates for the amplification of the propulsive impetus intrinsic to the gaming industry, coupled with the enrichment of the tourism product portfolio. Furthermore, it espouses the establishment of an effective mechanism for high-quality development, tailored to the exigencies of the contemporary era. This involves the implementation of precise policies, the facilitation of amalgamated progress in gaming and tourism, and an unwavering commitment to sustainable development through the interconnected alignment of gaming, tourism, and the broader economy. The findings of this study furnish a scientific foundation for the strategic industrial planning and developmental initiatives undertaken by relevant departments in Macau.

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of investors on the development of health and hospitality tourism in Kosovo. The study involved 50 investors from various hotel and healthcare companies. The guerrilla method was used for the methodology of this study. In this study, a semi-standardized instrument was used which measures the impact of investors in the development of health and hospitality tourism. The findings of this study have shown that there is a significant correlation between the investments made by investors and the development of health and hospitality tourism in Kosovo. Also, from the findings of the study, we understand that the male gender achieves a higher average of investments than the female gender in health and hotel tourism in Kosovo than the female gender. Finally, the findings of this study and the practical significance of these findings are discussed and recommendations are given regarding the findings of the study.

Water-based, waterfront tourism has always played an important role in the development of the tourism sector, water has been and still is an important attraction and contributes to regional development. In Hungary, Lake Balaton is the primary destination for waterfront tourism, offering a wide range of opportunities in this sector. Water-based, waterfront tourism is mainly concentrated in the high summer season, but there is an increasing range of opportunities in both the low and high season. In our research, we investigated the development of cruise tourism in Lake Balaton in the off-season, in the months of September-October 2023, by conducting in-depth interviews and questionnaire research. Our research has confirmed that this service is also in demand outside the high season. In the autumn, cruises add a special value to the experience, they can help to reduce seasonal fluctuations in tourism by offering attractive activities and also increase income for local businesses during the off-season.